home Real estate A modern mechanism for conducting deposit operations. The mechanism for the implementation of depositary operations Study of the mechanism for the implementation of deposit operations

A modern mechanism for conducting deposit operations. The mechanism for the implementation of depositary operations Study of the mechanism for the implementation of deposit operations

Introduction

1 Organization of depository operations in credit institutions

1.1 The concept and economic significance of custody operations and their legal regulation

1.2 Participants in custody operations and their brief description

1.3 Mechanism for depository operations

2 Registration and accounting of depository operations in credit institutions

2.1 Analytical and synthetic accounting of depositary operations

2.2 Depository reporting

2.3 Procedure for registration of depository operations

Conclusion

List of used literature

Applications

Introduction

In carrying out their activities, banks and other credit organizations perform two main tasks: the first task is to attract private savings and money capital scattered throughout the country; the second task is that they must place these amounts (savings and capital) at the disposal of those persons who would be in a position to use them effectively. To carry out the above tasks, banks and other credit organizations must perform a number of specific actions, which are called banking operations. Banking operations play a paramount role not only in the functioning of the bank itself or other credit institution, but also in the development of the entire complex of industry, agriculture and other sectors of the economy of our country.

Among the numerous list of banking operations, depository operations should be singled out separately. In itself, the depository activity of a bank or other credit institution is, first of all, the provision of services for the storage of securities certificates and / or accounting and transfer of rights to securities; and, accordingly, depositary operations are operations carried out by a bank or other credit institution as part of its depository activities.

In the presented course work will be considered a topic devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the organization, registration and accounting of depository operations in credit institutions in modern conditions. The relevance of the study of depository operations is due to the special specificity of registration and accounting of such operations in credit institutions, as well as the constant change in banking legislation in relation to their organization.

The object of study of this course work is a complex of economic relations for the implementation of depositary operations in credit institutions. The subject of the study is the organization, execution and accounting of depositary operations in credit institutions at the present stage.

The study of the chosen topic - "Organization, execution and accounting of depository operations in credit institutions" involves the achievement of the following goal in the course work - to explore the organization, execution and accounting of depository operations in credit institutions from the point of view of modern legislation Russian Federation. In accordance with a specific goal in the presented course work, the following tasks were set and solved:

ü explore the organization of depositary operations in credit institutions from the point of view of modern legislation;

ü consider the procedure for registration and accounting of depositary operations in credit institutions in the modern aspect in theory and practice;

Methods of research and study used in the course work:

· consideration of theoretical and practical material on the organization, registration and accounting of depositary operations in credit institutions;

· structural-functional method - determination of the role of depository operations in the overall system of operations of a credit institution and their significance;

· analysis of the received theoretical and practical materials;

· a method of summarizing the obtained information and materials, conclusions.

As a theoretical basis for the study in the course work, the works and manuals of Russian authors on the study of depositary operations in credit institutions from the point of view of modern financial science were used. These are the works of such authors as Beloglazova G.N., Korobova G.G., Kolesnikov V.I., Lavrushin O.I., Platonov V., Golovin Yu.V., Maslenchenkov Yu.S., Chelnokov V.A. . and etc.

The legislative basis of this course work is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, federal laws - "On banks and banking", "On the securities market" and other legal acts regulating the organization, execution and accounting of depositary operations in credit institutions in the territory of the Russian Federation.

The set goals and objectives determined the structure of the presented course work. The structure of the work is as follows - the course work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and applications. The work is presented on 33 pages. 30 scientific sources were used for writing.

1 Organization of depository operations in credit institutions

1.1 The concept and economic significance of custody operations

and their legal regulation

Custody operations are operations carried out by a bank or other credit organization as part of its depository activities. According to Art. 7 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On the Securities Market" dated April 22, 1996 No. 39-FZ, the depositary activity of a bank or other credit institution is recognized as professional activity in the securities market, which consists in the provision of services for the storage of securities certificates and / or accounting and transfer of rights to securities. From this definition it follows that the object of the depositary activity of a credit institution are securities that can be issued by residents of the Russian Federation and non-residents of the Russian Federation. In the second case, the requirements and prescriptions of federal laws and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as the requirements of the legislation of the state in whose jurisdiction these securities are located, must be observed. The specified securities can be represented by two types - issuance securities of any form of issue (uncertified and documentary of all types), and non-issue securities issued in compliance with the form, conditions and procedure established by law.

The Regulations on Depository Activities in the Russian Federation, approved by Resolution No. 36 of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market dated October 16, 1997, establish that depository activities include the obligatory provision of services to clients for accounting and certifying rights to securities, accounting and certifying the transfer of securities securities, including cases of encumbrance of securities with obligations. It should be noted here that simple storage of securities certificates, which is not accompanied by registration and certification of the rights of clients (depositors) to securities, is not a depositary activity of a credit institution and is carried out in accordance with the current rules of the civil legislation of the Russian Federation on storage.

The main subjects of depository activities in the Russian Federation are depositories and depositors. Thus, credit institutions - professional participants in the securities market, carrying out depository activities, are called depositories, and only a legal entity can be a depository. A person (actually a client) using the services of a depository for safekeeping of securities and/or recording rights to securities is referred to as a depositor.

For the first time, depositories appeared at the end of the 19th century with the aim of accelerating settlements on organized markets valuable papers. Initially, depository systems were created to serve stock exchanges, where professional market participants made transactions among themselves and where the requirements for the speed of registering a change of ownership and the effectiveness of this procedure were especially high. As institutions providing services for the storage of securities certificates and / or accounting and transfer of rights to securities, depositories were formed later, in the first half of the 20th century. Clients deposited certificates in the exchange depository, and the change of ownership was reflected in the depo accounts, while there was no need to reissue securities certificates that were issued to the depository and continued to be in its vault. So, settlements on securities became non-cash and were reduced to making changes to depo accounts. In many cases, issuers preferred to fulfill their obligations to investors with the help of a depositary, who acted as an intermediary between the issuer and the investor, helping the depositor to receive the due income, transferring information received from the issuer for him. The presence of a depository contributed to the acceleration of settlements on transactions in organized securities markets.

In modern conditions, when it is already possible to talk about a good and fairly high level of development Russian market securities - depositary activity in our country leaves much to be desired. Thus, the requirements of investors for high-quality depositary services are not fully satisfied, and the degree of development of depositary technologies in the Russian Federation does not allow for a unified and high-quality level of their service. All this leads to additional risks for investors and a decrease in confidence in the infrastructure of the stock market of the Russian Federation as a whole, which leads to a decrease in the amount of funds attracted to the country's economy.

In connection with the foregoing, an important task for the further development of the Russian securities market is to improve depository activities by ensuring the safe storage of securities, prompt access to them and re-registration of property rights with minimal risk for owners. The solution of this problem can be considered one of the main conditions for ensuring the attractiveness of the stock market of the Russian Federation for all categories of national and foreign investors. The formation of an effective depository system is a prerequisite for stimulating savings and transforming savings into investments, and ensuring the full range of investor rights.

The need to solve the above tasks is confirmed by the Concept for the Development of the Securities Market in the Russian Federation, adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation in 2002, which defines the improvement of depository activities as one of the main directions for the development of the stock market of the Russian Federation. To achieve this goal, the Russian Federation has adopted a number of legal documents that regulate the general rules and mechanism for carrying out depositary activities in the Russian Federation, determine the rights and obligations of participants in depositary operations, the procedure for maintaining depositary records, and also provide for the procedure state regulation and supervision of depository activities throughout the country.

The legal regulation of depository activities, in fact, helps credit institutions of the Russian Federation to ensure the safety of the assets of clients (depositors) and the proper quality of depository services, ensure readiness for long-term depository specialization and guarantee the optimal cost of such services, assume the possibility of access to additional services and the possibility of interaction with clients (depositors) in other directions. In short, the depository activities of a modern credit institution in the Russian Federation should be aimed at meeting the needs of depositors to the maximum.

1.2 Participants in custody operations and their brief description

Participants of depository operations are a depository - a legal entity professionally engaged in depository activities, and a depositor - a client - a person using the services of a depository for safekeeping of securities and/or registration of rights to securities. The relations entered into by the depositor and the depository are formalized by a depository agreement (depo account agreement).

A depositary is a legal entity licensed to carry out depositary activities, in its activities is guided by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts, orders, regulations and instructions of the Bank of Russia, as well as an agreement with a client. Depositories can be of several types: global depositories (custodians) and regional depositories (sub-custodians, sub-depositories); central depositories and their agents in the field.

Global (international) depository organizations - custodians are used by institutional funds in order to receive a wide range of services for the storage and administration of the funds' assets. In modern conditions, custodial activity is based on the ability to provide integrated banking services. In particular, custodial institutions should provide facilities for making cash payments. Global depository organizations (custodians), which are non-banking institutions, are forced in this regard to use the services of attracted banking structures. Global depositories (custodians) usually play the role of intermediaries in the investment process, involving regional depositories - sub-custodians, integrated into the sub-custodian network, to provide depository services.

Sub-custodians (sub-custodians) usually provide retail custody services that support the activities of international depositories (custodians). In performing their main functions, sub-custodians (sub-custodians) often establish direct relationships with end investors in securities.

The next type of depository organizations is central depositories, which can be conditionally divided into international and national ones. International CSDs include Cedel and Euroclear. They carry out the delivery of securities against payment, clearing and settlement of securities, crediting clients with securities and cash secured by securities, and provide brokerage services. Membership rules in international depositories limit the ability of institutional funds to directly participate in them, although asset managers may be members of these organizations.

National central depositories currently exist in most of the developed financial markets of the world. They provide services for the supply of securities against cash payments. Membership opportunities in central national depositories are usually provided only for banking and brokerage organizations, which turns them into wholesale depository organizations. The types of depository services and operations provided by national central depositories are usually very limited and vary significantly by country. financial markets, which makes direct use of the services of central depositories outside of any country practically impossible.

It is important to note that the issuer of securities must choose ("accredit") only one depository, which will confirm to him the rights of other persons enshrined in securities. Such a depository is conditionally called the "lead registering depository"; in domestic legislation it is called a registrar. Each issuer must have only one head registrar for all issues of its securities, unless otherwise specified by the regulatory authorities. The head depository performs the following actions:

a) enters into an issuing depo account agreement with a client;

b) keeps one copy of the global single (total) certificate of the issue of securities on the basis of the issuance account "depo" agreement, may store single or summary certificates;

c) takes into account the rights to securities owned by sub-depositories;

d) registers the rights to securities of sub-depositors, to whom the securities are transferred for trust management, on the "depo" account in trust management, and the management company for managing pension savings;

e) take into account in total on the correspondent "depo" account of the sub-depository the rights to securities of all depositors having the owner's "depo" account and (or) the "depo" account in trust management of the sub-depository;

f) have the right to take into account in aggregate the rights to securities on the "depo" correspondent account of a specialized depository that records the rights to bonds acquired as a result of investing pension savings.

In turn, a sub-custodian is an organization that records the rights to securities of owners who are not sub-custodians on the owner's "depo" account and can store single and (or) summary certificates; has entered into a correspondent account "depo" agreement with the head depository for accounting in the aggregate of rights to securities accounted in this sub-depository; is not entitled to open "depo" accounts with other sub-custodians or for other sub-custodians; and keeps records of the rights to securities of depositors who are not sub-depositors and to whom the securities have been transferred for trust management, according to the "depo" account in trust management.

In order to transfer rights to securities between depositors who have entered into agreements with different depositories, these depositories must be located in contractual relations with each other, either directly or indirectly. Such relations are called "inter-depository" relations, and the agreements concluded to maintain them are called "agreements on inter-depository relations". For each issue of securities between the head depository and any other depository that has entered into agreements with the owners of the same securities, there must be an "accreditation" relationship - either directly or through other depositories. "Accreditation" relations are relations that mediate the transfer of information that allows confirming the rights of owners: "from below" from the depositories that have concluded depository account agreements with the owners - "up", to the head depository, they are drawn up by special agreements.

In carrying out its activities, the depository is obliged to develop and approve the conditions for the implementation of depositary activities, which must contain information relating to: operations performed by the depository; the procedure for the actions of the clients and the personnel of the depositary when performing these operations; grounds for conducting operations; samples of documents to be filled in by clients of the depository; samples of documents that clients receive in their hands; timing of operations; tariffs for depository services; procedures for acceptance for servicing and termination of servicing the issue of securities by the depository; the procedure for providing depositors with statements from their accounts; the procedure and terms for providing depositors with reports on transactions performed, as well as the procedure and terms for providing depositors with documents certifying rights to securities.

A depositor is a natural or legal person who uses the services of a depository on a contractual basis to carry out depository activities. Thus, a depository's depositor may be a legal or natural person who owns securities by right of ownership or other real right (the owner of securities), as well as another depository, including acting as a nominal holder of its clients' securities. The clients of the depository may also be securities pledgees and securities trustees. A depository or its branch accounting for securities owned by the depositary by the right of ownership or other real right, as well as transferred to the depositary for trust management or for carrying out other operations, may also be a depositor.

The depositor may transfer the authority to dispose of securities and exercise rights under securities held or rights to which are recorded in the depository to another person - the account custodian. Persons holding a license as a professional participant in the securities market may act as such trustees. An agreement must be concluded between the account custodian and the depository establishing their mutual rights and obligations.

There is another type of participants in depository relations - the operator of the "depo" account section, - this is a legal or natural person who is not a depositor on this "depo" account, but who has the right to give instructions to perform operations on one or more sections of the depositor's "depo" account on the basis of authorization received from the depositor, or under federal laws.

1.3 Mechanism for depository operations

Relations between the depositor and the depositary begin with the conclusion of the depository agreement. The subject of the depositary agreement is the provision by the depositary to the depositor of services for storing certificates of securities, recording and certifying rights to securities by opening and maintaining a depositor's "depo" account by the depositary, and performing operations on this account. The subject of this agreement is also the provision by the depositary of services facilitating the realization by the holders of securities of the rights to the securities they own, while the depository provides services for the storage of securities certificates, accounting and certification of rights to securities, if the securities are issued in documentary form. If securities are issued in non-documentary form, the depository provides services for accounting and certification of rights to these securities.

The depository agreement between the depositor and the depositary must be concluded in a simple written form, and the depositary is obliged to approve the terms of its depositary activities, which are an integral part of the concluded agreement. The conclusion of a depositary agreement does not entail the transfer to the depository of the ownership of the depositor's securities. Thus, the depository does not have the right to dispose of the depositor's securities, manage them or carry out on behalf of the depositor any actions with securities, except for those carried out on behalf of the depositor in cases provided for by the depository agreement, but he bears civil liability for the safety of securities certificates deposited with him papers.

The deposit agreement must contain the following essential terms:

a) definition of the subject of the contract: provision of services for the storage of securities certificates and / or accounting for rights to securities;

b) the procedure for the depositor to transfer to the depository information on the disposal of the depositor's securities deposited with the depository;

c) the duration of the contract;

d) the obligations of the depository, the amount and procedure for payment for its services;

e) the form and frequency of reporting by the depository to the depositor;

The obligations of the depository in the course of carrying out depositary activities consist in registering the facts of encumbrance of the depositor's (depository's client's) securities with obligations; maintaining a separate "depo" account of the depositor (client) with the obligatory indication of the date and reason for each transaction on the account; and transfer to the depositor of all complete information about securities received by the depository from the issuer or the holder of the register of securities owners.

After the conclusion of the depository agreement, the depository performs all transactions with securities of clients (depositors), but only on behalf of these depositors or persons authorized by them, including trustees of "depo" accounts, and within the time period established by the depository agreement. The depository makes entries on the client's (depositor's) depo account only if there are primary documents that are the basis for making such entries (instruction of the depositor or a person authorized by him that meets the requirements of the depository agreement; as well as other documents confirming the transfer of rights to securities in accordance with the applicable laws and other regulatory legal acts).

For the purposes of the proper exercise by the holders of securities of the rights to the securities they own, the depositary is obliged, first of all:

▬ take all the actions provided for by the depository agreement, necessary for the exercise of the rights of the owner under the securities;

▬ ensure proper storage of securities certificates and depositary accounting documents, the storage of which is necessary;

▬ provide the issuer or registrar with the necessary securities certificates, including redemption certificates, coupons and other income documents providing for payment upon presentation;

▬ ensure that the owners exercise the right to vote at general meetings of shareholders in the manner prescribed by the depository agreement;

▬ take all measures stipulated by the agreement and the law to protect the rights of a bona fide purchaser to the securities belonging to him and to prevent the seizure of securities from a bona fide purchaser;

▬ ensure, on behalf of the client (depositor), in accordance with the concluded depository agreement, the transfer of securities to the depo accounts specified by the depositor, both in this depository and in any other depository, while transferring the client's (depositor's) securities to another depository specified by the client (depositor) is not carried out in cases when another depository cannot service this issue of securities only on legal grounds;

▬ to ensure, on behalf of the depositor, the transfer of registered securities to the personal account "depo" in the register of holders of registered securities;

▬ ensure the acceptance of securities transferred to the accounts of clients (depositors) from other depositories or directly from the registrar;

▬ ensure the acceptance of securities certificates for storage, while the depository is obliged to ensure the control of the authenticity of securities certificates accepted for storage, as well as that the deposited securities certificates are not declared invalid, stolen, not wanted, not included in the stop lists issuers, law enforcement agencies, or state securities market regulators;

▬ take all measures provided for by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts to protect the interests of clients (depositors) in the course of corporate actions by the issuer;

▬ when the issuer compiles lists of holders of registered securities, transfer to the issuer or registrar all information about clients (depositors) and securities of clients (depositors) necessary for exercising the rights of owners: receiving income from securities, participating in general meetings of shareholders and other similar rights ; transfer to the issuer all the information on bearer or order securities accounted for on the accounts of clients (depositors) necessary for the holders to exercise their rights under securities in the manner prescribed by law and the depository agreement, etc.

The depository shall be liable for non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of its direct obligations to record rights to securities, including for the completeness and correctness of entries made on depo accounts. The depository may also render services to the depositor (client) related to the receipt of income from securities and other payments due to the holders of securities.

The depository is also entitled, under the concluded agreement with the depositor, to provide him with related services, for example, maintenance of cash, currency and multicurrency accounts of clients related to the conduct of transactions with securities and the receipt of income from securities; verification of securities certificates for authenticity and solvency; collection and transportation of securities certificates; withdrawal from circulation, redemption and destruction of certificates, etc.

In carrying out its activities, the depository must ensure the confidentiality of information about the "depo" accounts of the clients (depositors) of the depository, including information about the operations performed on the accounts and other information about the clients (depositors) that became known to him in connection with the implementation of the depository activities. In case of disclosure of confidential information about depositors' depo accounts, clients whose rights have been violated have the right to demand compensation from the depository for damages caused in accordance with a certain procedure.

Thus, information about the "depo" accounts of clients (depositors) can be provided only to the clients themselves, their authorized representatives and the licensing authority within its powers. The licensing body, within the framework of its powers, constantly monitors the activities of depositories (the depositary provides for verification - reporting on depositary operations; documents of the depositary submitted upon request; verification of activities, etc.).

If the facts of carrying out depositary activities in violation of the requirements of laws and other regulatory legal acts are revealed, the licensing authority has the right to apply sanctions and measures to such a depository provided for by laws and other regulatory legal acts, including suspending or even canceling the depositary's license as a professional participant in the securities market for depository activities.

2 Registration and accounting of depository operations in credit institutions

2.1 Analytical accounting of depository operations

All depositary operations carried out by any credit institution with issuance securities must be reflected in its depositary accounting. Depository accounting in CJSC Joint Stock Bank of the Gas Industry "Gazprombank" (hereinafter CJSC "Gazprombank") is maintained in the accounting department of this organization. Moreover, the procedure for accounting for depositary operations adopted by CJSC Gazprombank provides an excellent opportunity to generate a complete report on the status of depository accounting in accordance with the Chart of Accounts adopted by the Central Bank of Russia.

Gazprombank CJSC was established on July 31, 1990, its main shareholders are Gazprom OJSC, New Financial Technologies LLC, GAZFOND Non-State Pension Fund and Leader CJSC (Pension Fund Asset Management Company on trust management). At present, the equity capital of this credit institution is 89.4 billion rubles.

JSC "Gazprombank" is an authorized bank of JSC "Gazprom", and is one of the five largest Russian banks in all major indicators. At present, CJSC Gazprombank, in addition to the gas industry, provides banking services to enterprises and employees of other sectors of the real sector of the economy (chemical, oil and nuclear industry, mechanical engineering, defense complex, electric power industry, transport, construction, trade). The Bank's clients are about 2 million citizens, over 36,000 corporate clients, including 1,000 enterprises and organizations of the gas industry.

CJSC Gazprombank has an extensive regional network in 51 regions of the Russian Federation and in 2 foreign countries. Over 300 infrastructure points of Gazprombank CJSC are represented by: 35 Bank branches with 124 additional offices, 13 credit and cash offices and 15 operating cash desks outside the cash center, 1 representative office of Gazprombank CJSC in Kazan and 1 foreign representative office in Beijing ( PRC); 4 banks of the Interregional Banking Group of the Gas Industry, which have 19 branches, 53 additional offices and 20 operating cash desks outside the cash center, and Credit Ural Bank (OJSC), which has 3 branches, 4 additional offices, 7 operating cash desks; 1 foreign bank with 7 branches and 120 banking service points.

It should be noted that, unlike many other large Russian banks, CJSC Gazprombank went through the crisis that hit the Russian banking system in 1998 with virtually no losses. Timely execution of settlements, fulfillment of all obligations to clients, readiness for cooperation allowed the Bank not only to maintain, but also to significantly strengthen the achieved positions. In the post-crisis period, a significant number of large Russian companies became clients of CJSC Gazprombank. For 1998-2001 the number of corporate clients of the Bank has tripled, and the Bank itself has become one of the largest universal financial institutions in Russia, providing a wide range of banking, financial, investment products and services to corporate and private clients, financial institutions, institutional and private investors.

The branch of CJSC Gazprombank in Barnaul was registered on March 6, 2004 at the address - Barnaul, st. Severo-Zapadnaya, 20. Today ZAO Gazprombank is the third bank in Russia in terms of assets and capital, and the fifth bank in Central and Eastern Europe in terms of capital. The Bank has established correspondent relations with leading foreign and Russian banks.

The depository network of CJSC Gazprombank consists of regional depositories based on the Bank's branches, correspondent depositories and their remote points. Organization, registration and accounting of depository operations in branches and in the bank itself is carried out in accordance with the procedure established by law and in accordance with the rules.

The primary documents of the subdivisions of CJSC Gazprombank, which serve as the basis for making postings on custody accounts, which account for securities owned by the Bank, as well as securities transferred by clients for trust management and brokerage operations, are orders and instructions for making depository entries submitted by an employee of the Bank's subdivision conducting such transactions with securities, who is authorized to transfer such orders to the depository. Transfer to the depository of other documents related to the securities transaction is not obligatory. It can be carried out if the management of the credit institution obliges the depository to control the activities of the division conducting transactions with securities, or if the relevant documents are transferred to the accounting department through the depository.

In order to maintain analytical accounting, the depository opens analytical depo accounts: depo accounts of depositors - passive accounts, and depo accounts of places of storage - active accounts. When opening a passive depo account, a depository agreement is concluded between the depositary and the depositor, which is called the depo account agreement and contains the main rights and obligations of the parties. But such an agreement may not be concluded in the case when the depositor is the depository itself, which takes into account the securities belonging to it in its depository accounting, as well as in the case when the depositor is a branch or other division of this depository. Sometimes it is allowed to open a passive depo account with a deferred conclusion of a depository agreement, but this is possible only if this operation is carried out in favor of a third party, as well as when securities are credited in favor of a client who previously did not have a depo account with a depository, in his absence. Moreover, it is not allowed to write off securities from such an account on behalf of a depositor or his authorized representative before the conclusion of a depository agreement between them.

As regards the opening of an active depo account, it is carried out on the basis of the order of the administration of the depositary, which determines the main characteristics of the account to be opened. The opening of a depo account is not necessarily accompanied by an immediate transfer of securities to it; it is allowed to have a depo account on which no securities are accounted. When a depo account is opened, it is assigned a code that is unique within a particular depository, and the rules for encoding depo accounts are determined by each depository independently. Further, all opened depo accounts are registered in the register of depo accounts. The indicated journal consists of two sections: depositors' accounts (passive) and securities custody accounts (active). It is allowed to divide sections into subsections for the purpose of separate registration of various types of depo accounts.

It should be noted that at the initial opening of a depo account, an account questionnaire is filled out, as well as a questionnaire of an individual or legal entity, organization (depositor). In addition to the account form, the depository may issue a short account form containing the information required by the depository.

After the direct opening of depo accounts, analytical accounting of depository operations is carried out in analytical accounting registers, which are represented by personal accounts, account sections, cards and magazines. Moreover, the main task of analytical accounting of depository operations is to reflect each operation in all details in order to have accurate data on the state of the custody account of each client, each type of property and obligations at any time. The set of accounts for analytical accounting and the procedure for recording depositary operations on them are determined by the depository independently, taking into account the requirements and regulations established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

As already mentioned, one of the registers for analytical accounting of depositary operations are personal depo accounts, which are opened to record securities within the depo account. A personal depo account is the minimum indivisible structural unit for accounting depository transactions of a credit institution; it records securities of the same issue with the same set of allowable depository transactions. The opening of a personal account takes place within the framework of a depo account and does not require the conclusion of a separate agreement between the depository and the depositor. The procedure for opening personal accounts is determined by the regulations of the depository.

In subdivisions of CJSC Gazprombank, when opening a personal depo account, a registration card of the personal account is filled in for it, which is placed in the card index of personal accounts of the depo account. Also, a personal depo account is assigned a unique code within the depo account, and the coding rules are determined by the depository independently. To obtain an extended personal account code that is unique within the depository, the personal account code should be added to the code of the depo account within which the personal account was opened, while reusing the code is allowed, but only after closing this personal depo account. Each personal depo account, when opened, is uniquely compared with its corresponding synthetic depo account, on which the securities on this personal account are reflected in synthetic accounting.

The basis for making postings on personal depo accounts, which account for securities owned by the Bank, as well as securities transferred by clients for trust management and brokerage operations, are the primary documents of the Bank's divisions responsible for carrying out relevant actions with securities. These documents are drawn up on the basis of the Bank's transactions with such securities.

A personal account exists when it has a real balance of securities, which is the current state of this account. The balance of securities on a personal depo account is the number of securities accounted on it. The depositary shall have the right, simultaneously with keeping the balance on the personal account in pieces, to additionally store the amount of the balance in nominal units of the given issue of securities.

In parallel with the personal account, the credit institution maintains two journals: the operational journal of the personal depo account (see Appendix 1) and the turnover journal, which serve mainly to store information about transactions made with the personal account. The operating journal of the personal account contains information about all accounting transactions with the personal depo account, it also contains the current number of securities on the personal account. Information about administrative and informational transactions with personal depo accounts is placed in the operational journal of the depo account within which this personal depo account is opened.

In contrast to the operational journal, the turnover journal of the personal depo account (see Appendix 2) contains only the balances of securities and final turnovers on the personal account at the end of those operational days during which there was movement on this account. The subdivisions of CJSC Gazprombank carry out electronic depository accounting, which allows obtaining an operating journal and a turnover journal by selecting some records related to a personal account from depo account journals or depository journals.

It should be noted that the Bank does not allow the presence of personal accounts with a zero balance for a long period. So, personal accounts, on which there is a zero balance for more than 30 days, must be closed. When a personal account is closed, the closing date is entered in its registration card, and an entry is made in the transaction journal of this account about the closure of this personal account, and both the card and the transaction journal, and the journal of balances on this personal account are placed in the file cabinet of closed personal depo accounts. The next accounting register for analytical accounting of depositary operations in the subdivisions of CJSC Gazprombank are sections of the depo account. An account section is an accounting register formed by a set of personal accounts of a depo account, depositary operations with which are regulated by one document. The opening of an account section takes place within the framework of a depo account and is accompanied by the issuance of a basic document regulating permissible depositary operations with personal accounts assigned to this section. Such a basic document may be an agreement between the depository and the depositor; an agreement between the depositor and a third party certified by the depository; agreement between the depository and the operator; instructions of the administration of the depositary, etc. The set of used sections of securities accounts and types of basic documents are determined by the depository independently. When a section of an account is opened, the registration card of the section is filled in for it, which is placed in the file cabinet of sections of the depo account.

When opening a section of an account, a unique code within the depo account is assigned, while within the account the section codes must not coincide with the codes of personal accounts, although the section code can be reused, but only after closing this section. All transactions with documents relating to the depo account section are recorded in the depo account operating journal; a separate operating journal of the depo account section is usually not kept in a credit institution.

When a section is closed, the date of closing is entered in its registration card, and an entry is made in the operating journal of the account about the closing of the section. The card of the closed section is placed in the card index of the closed sections of the depo account, while the section to which the unclosed personal accounts are assigned cannot be closed.

In addition to filling out the above documents, for each issue of securities, the depository of Gazprombank CJSC keeps a 9 cm securities issue questionnaire. Appendix 3), which is stored in the file of securities issues and contains information sufficient to organize the accounting of securities of this issue. Questionnaire for the issue of securities is filled in by the depository in advance or at the time of the first registration of the securities of this issue. It should be noted that it is not allowed to keep records of securities without filling out the questionnaire, while the date of acceptance of the issue of securities for servicing is the date of filling out the questionnaire.

After the redemption of all securities of the issue or if accounting for the securities of this issue is not expected in the future, the issue of securities may be withdrawn from service in the depository, while the date of withdrawal from service is indicated in the issue questionnaire and placed in the file of issues withdrawn from service. When re-accepting the same issue for servicing in the depository, a new questionnaire must be filled in for it. But the issue is not removed from service if at least one personal account contains a non-zero balance on the issue of securities.

After recording all custody transactions, securities accounts may be closed under certain mandatory conditions. Thus, an account cannot be closed, on whose personal accounts securities are registered, and the closing of a depo account with zero balances on personal accounts is carried out only upon a written instruction of the depositor. A depo account with zero balances may be closed at the initiative of the depository, if no transactions have been made with it for one year (or another long period stipulated by the depository's regulations) and such a procedure for closing depo accounts is provided for by the depository's regulations. When a depo account is closed, the closing date shall be entered in the register of depo accounts.

All analytical accounting documents of CJSC Gazprombank are stored in the depository for at least three years from the moment the document is received by the depository, the last changes are made to the card file or journal, the report is prepared or the entry is corrected. After this period, all analytical accounting materials are transferred to the archive, where they must be stored for at least another five years, but already from the moment of their direct transfer to the archive. If a depositary record is changed, then the depository should provide an opportunity to receive all previous states of the record (unchanged) for the standard period of its storage.

2.2 Synthetic accounting of depositary operations and reporting of depositories

In contrast to analytical accounting, the main purpose of synthetic accounting for depositary transactions in CJSC Gazprombank is the preparation of standard reports in accordance with the depo account chart. In synthetic accounting, the depository records the state of synthetic depo accounts, on which, in the context of securities issues, all securities recorded in the depository and attributed to the synthetic account in accordance with the depository's regulations are shown in total amount.

The basis of synthetic depositary accounting in JSC "Gazprombank" is the analytical accounting of securities. Thus, the initial balances on synthetic depo accounts are determined based on the balances on analytical depo accounts. Accounting for securities on synthetic depo accounts is carried out in the same way as on analytical accounts - in pieces, or it is allowed to record securities in those units in which the par value of securities of a given issue is determined, and it is also allowed to reflect the market value of securities held in the depository. At the same time, one security (one piece) is the minimum face value of circulating securities of a given issue, unless otherwise specified by the terms of issue and circulation of securities.

To maintain synthetic accounting, the depository independently establishes the rules for matching personal depo accounts of analytical accounting with depo accounts of synthetic accounting. These rules must be consistent with the purpose of synthetic depo accounts, and the reflection in synthetic accounting of transactions made by the depository on analytical accounts when executing depositary operations must comply with the requirements for recording depository operations on synthetic depo accounts. To maintain a synthetic accounting of securities held by the depository in the Chart of Accounts accounting in the banks of the Russian Federation, a special chapter is provided - C. Depo accounts, in accordance with which the reflection and registration of depositary operations on synthetic depo accounts in the depository is carried out. After the posting of depository operations on accounts, the main accounting registers of synthetic accounting are summary cards of securities issues, depository balances and turnover sheets.

Summary cards of securities issues are maintained separately for securities issues serviced in the depository, broken down by synthetic depo accounts within the issue. Summary cards (see Appendix 4) record the totals of daily turnover and balances at the beginning and end of the trading day on synthetic accounts for a given issue, grouped by asset and liability. A summary card of an issue is compiled for each issue on a daily basis, except for days for which all synthetic accounts of this issue have zero turnover. On the day the issue is accepted for service, the first summary card is filled out, and when the issue is removed from service, the last summary card is filled out, which must contain zero balances on all synthetic depo accounts at the end of the day. Consolidated cards are compiled on the basis of turnover journals of personal depo accounts.

The summary balance of the depo (see Appendix 5) is compiled on a daily basis based on the data of the summary cards of securities issues in the context of the asset and liability of the deposit for all issues of securities serviced by the Bank, with the summary results for all issues. The generalized balance sheet is an integral part of the short balance sheet and contains only totals for assets and liabilities for all issues of securities serviced by the Bank. The generalized depo balance is not drawn up and kept separately from the summary one, and in cases where the provision of a generalized balance sheet is required, it is prepared as an extract from the summary one.

Summary cards and summary depot balance must be drawn up by the beginning of the next business day. The correctness of drawing up a short depo balance is checked by the equality of the totals for the asset and liability for each issue of securities. After verifying the correctness of the balance sheet, it is signed by the employee who compiled it and the head of the Bank. On the first day of each month, according to the data of the consolidated cards in the depository, a complete balance sheet is drawn up for each issue of securities.

On a quarterly basis, according to the summary cards for each issue of securities, a turnover sheet is compiled, which contains, in the context of synthetic depo accounts with the derivation of results for assets and liabilities, balances at the beginning of the year, turnover from the beginning of the year and balances at the end of the reporting period. The summary turnover sheet contains the results obtained by summing the corresponding fields for all turnover sheets. Prior to the monthly signing of the full depository balance sheet and the quarterly signing of the summary turnover sheet, these materials must be reconciled with checklists compiled according to analytical depositary accounting and grouped by asset and liability.

To account for depositary operations, the Bank of Russia provides for the Chart of Accounts for credit institutions, in accordance with which synthetic accounting is carried out in depositories. There are two types of such accounts.

1) Active accounts: 98000 - Securities held in depository,

98010 - Securities held in the head depository,

98015 - Securities held in other depositories,

98020 - Securities in transit, being checked, being reissued,

98030 - Shortage of securities,

98035 - Securities withdrawn from the depositary.

2) Passive accounts: 98040 - Securities of owners,

98050 - Securities held by the depositary,

98053 - Securities of clients under brokerage agreements,

98055 - Securities held in trust,

98060 - Securities accepted for safekeeping from grass-roots depositories,

98065 - Securities accepted for safekeeping from other depositories,

98070 - Securities encumbered with obligations

98080 - Securities whose owners are not identified,

98090 - Securities out of circulation.

Securities on depo accounts of the depository are accounted for on a double-entry basis. Thus, each security in depositary accounting must be reflected twice: once - on the depositor's deposit account (in liabilities) and the second time - on the account of the place of storage (in assets). Accounting operations depository, that is, depository operations that change the balances of securities on personal depo accounts are carried out in two ways - by debiting or crediting a depo account. The Bank's depository operation may consist of one or more entries, each entry of the depositary changes the balances on two personal depo accounts and is recorded on a double entry basis - on the debit of one personal account and on the credit of another personal account. Elementary wiring is divided into 4 types:

1) The debit of one active (new storage location) account and the credit of another active (old storage location) account - the balance amount does not change, the transaction draws up a transfer operation - a change in the place or method of storing securities.

2) Debit of one passive account and credit of another passive personal depo account - in this case, the amount of the depo balance does not change, and the transaction formalizes the operation of transferring a security to a depo account of another owner or transferring a security to another personal depo account within the same account depot of the depositor.

3) The debit of the active account and the credit of the passive account - the amount of the balance increases, a credit transaction is executed - the acceptance of securities for storage.

4) The debit of the passive account and the credit of the active account - the amount of the balance decreases, the posting draws up an expense operation - the removal of securities from storage.

It is also allowed to carry out complex postings - when one credited account corresponds with several debited accounts or vice versa.

The logical conclusion of the depositary operation is the transfer of a report on the execution of the operation to all persons indicated in the regulations for the execution of this operation as recipients of the report, and it is obligatory - the transfer of the report to the initiator of the operation. When a transaction is made with a depositor's depo account that was not made on his personal initiative or on the initiative of a person authorized by him, a report on the transaction must be sent to the depositor, in addition to the initiator. The order and frequency of transfer of reports to recipients is determined by the regulations of the depository and must be stipulated in the depository agreement. Transfer of reports is carried out in several ways: personally to the depositor, by proxy to an authorized person, through a PO box, by mail. The depository transaction report sent to the recipient is an official document of depositary accounting and the basis for making entries in the recipient's accounting.

2.3 Procedure for registration of depository operations

The procedure for registering depositary operations in Gazprombank's subdivisions includes: the procedure for accepting instructions, forms of reports on the execution of depositary operations, rules for recording operations in depositary accounting, intermediate stages of execution of operations, the list of recipients of reports and other features of the execution of depositary operations. This procedure is included in the operational regulations of the depository and is determined by it independently, taking into account the requirements of the Rules for keeping records of depositary operations and other documents of the Bank of Russia regulating depositary activities in the territory of the Russian Federation.

Registration of depositary operations begins with the conclusion of a depositary agreement between the depositary and the client, which is the basis for the emergence of the rights and obligations of the client and the depositary when the depositary provides the client with services for storing securities certificates, recording and certifying rights to securities by opening and maintaining a client depo account, as well as carrying out transactions on this account. The subject of the depository agreement is also the provision by the depository of services that facilitate the realization by the holders of securities of the rights to the securities they own. The contract is concluded in a simple written form and must contain all the essential conditions.

The basis for the execution of a depository operation is an instruction - a document signed by the initiator of the operation and submitted to the depository. Depending on the initiator of the operation, the following types of instructions are distinguished:

▬ client orders – instructions for which the initiator is a client (depositor), a person authorized by him or an account custodian;

▬ official – instructions for which the initiator is the officials of the depositary credit institution;

▬ official - instructions for which the initiator is authorized state bodies;

▬ global - instructions for which the initiator, as a rule, is the issuer or the registrar on behalf of the issuer.

Regardless of who is the initiator, the instruction for the execution of depository operations must be executed as a document in paper or electronic form, but at the same time, acceptance of documents in electronic form as instructions is allowed in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation or by agreement of the parties. Information on all instructions accepted by the depository must be entered in the instruction log, and information on all operations executed and being performed by the depository - in the operation log of this depository.

All materials of depository accounting in a credit institution must have one of the following forms: it is a document on paper; an electronic record recognized as a document in accordance with paragraph 2 of Art. 160 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in the case and in the manner prescribed by law, other legal acts or agreement of the parties; or an electronic record, the authenticity of which is confirmed by depositary accounting materials in the two forms listed above

When maintaining depository records on paper, the depository must strictly comply with the requirements for the composition and form of documents listed in the Rules for Keeping Records of Depository Operations. When using a computer in depositary accounting, the depositary is obliged to ensure the possibility of viewing any of the documents on the terminal screen and obtaining a copy of it on paper if the required document on paper is not in the depository.

The depository independently chooses the form of storage of depository materials, taking into account the requirements of the Rules for keeping records of depositary operations and other regulatory documents regulating the procedure for conducting depositary activities in the Russian Federation. But regardless of the form of storage, all documents, file cabinets, journals, reporting materials and records of depository accounting must be stored in the depository for at least 3 years from the moment the document is received by the depository, the last changes are made to the card file or journal, the report is prepared or the record is corrected. Upon the expiration of this period, the materials of the depository records are transferred to the archive, where they must be stored for at least 5 years from the date of transfer to the archive. If there is a record, then the depository must provide for the possibility of obtaining all previous states of the record for the normative period of its storage.

The completion of the depository operation is the transfer of a report on its implementation to all persons indicated in the regulations for the execution of this operation as recipients of such a report. It is obligatory to transfer the report to the initiator of the operation, regardless of who he is: a depositor, a person authorized by him or an account custodian; an official of the depository; authorized state body; issuer or registrar on behalf of the issuer. The depository transaction report sent to the recipient is an official document of the depository. The report on the execution of the transaction on the depo account is the basis for making postings in the accounting systems of the recipient of the report.

The depository activities of the subdivisions of CJSC Gazprombank, as well as the proper execution and reflection of depository operations in their accounting, are constantly monitored by state licensing authorities, which in practice usually manifests itself in the following forms:

▬ regular reporting by the depositary on depository operations in accordance with the requirements of regulatory legal acts;

▬ verification of the documents of the depositary credit institution submitted at the request of the relevant licensing authority;

▬ verification of the activities of the depositary credit institution by persons authorized to do so by the licensing authority.

The licensing authority has the right, on its own initiative, to conduct inspections of the activities of the depository, in which the depositary is obliged to provide documents and necessary information related to the implementation of depository activities. In the event that the facts of carrying out depository activities in violation of the law, the licensing authority has the right to apply sanctions and measures to the subdivisions of Gazprombank CJSC, provided for by laws and regulations, incl. suspend or revoke the license of a professional participant in the securities market to carry out depositary activities.

The depositary is obliged to execute written instructions of state bodies: judicial, bodies of inquiry and preliminary investigation, which must be accompanied by relevant documents: court decision, resolution.

Conclusion

In this work, the topic was studied - "Organization, registration and accounting of depository operations in credit institutions". A specific goal was set - to reveal the content of the topic from theoretical and practical aspects, analysis of the information received. During the study, the following tasks were solved:

ü the organization of depositary operations in credit institutions was studied from the point of view of modern legislation;

ü the procedure for registration and accounting of depositary operations in credit institutions in the modern aspect in theory and practice is considered.

Based on the results of the research, conclusions can be drawn.

Custody operations are operations carried out by a bank or other credit organization as part of its depository activities.

Custody activity is the provision of services by a depository for the storage of securities certificates and / or accounting and transfer of rights to securities.

The main subjects (participants) of depository activities in the Russian Federation are depositories and depositors. A depositary is a legal entity licensed to carry out depository activities, in its activities it is guided by laws and regulations, orders, regulations and instructions of the Bank of Russia, as well as an agreement with a client. A depositor is a natural or legal person who uses the services of a depository on a contractual basis for safekeeping of securities and/or registration of rights to securities. Their relationship is formalized by a depository agreement on a depo account.

Further, all depository operations must be reflected in its depository accounting - synthetic and analytical, the main purpose of which is to prepare standard reports on all depository operations performed in detail and in a more generalized form in accordance with the adopted depo account chart. At the same time, the basis of synthetic accounting is the analytical accounting of securities.

The procedure for registration of depositary operations in credit institutions is included in the operational regulations of the depository and is determined by it independently, taking into account the requirements of the Rules for keeping records of depository operations and other documents of the Bank of Russia regulating depository activities in the Russian Federation.

One of the main conclusions of this work is that the depository activity in our country leaves much to be desired: the requirements of investors for high-quality depository services are not always fully satisfied, and the degree of development of depository technologies in the Russian Federation does not allow for a unified and high-quality level of their service. All this leads to the emergence of additional risks for investors and a decrease in confidence in the infrastructure of the stock market of the Russian Federation as a whole.

In connection with the above, as a proposal for the development of the Russian securities market is the improvement of depository activities by ensuring the safe storage of securities, prompt access to them and re-registration of property rights with minimal risk for owners. This is one of the conditions for ensuring the attractiveness of the Russian stock market for national and foreign investors. The formation of an effective depository system is a necessary condition for stimulating savings and transforming savings into investments, and ensuring the full range of investor rights.

With the help of a clearer and more thoughtful regulatory legal regulation depository activities, it is possible to help credit institutions of the Russian Federation ensure the safety of clients' assets and the proper quality of depositary services, ensure readiness for long-term depositary specialization and guarantee the optimal cost of such services, assume the possibility of access to additional services and interaction with clients in other areas.

So, the depository activities of a modern credit institution in the Russian Federation should be aimed at maximum satisfaction of the needs of depositors

List of used literature

1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation: Adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: .

3. The Tax Code of the Russian Federation, part one of July 31, 1998 N 146-FZ, and part two of 05.08. 2000 N 117-FZ. - M.: NORMA, 2006.- 346 p.

4. On banks and banking activities: federal law of the Russian Federation of December 2, 1990 N 395-1. [Electronic resource]. Access mode: , 2007. - 236 s

21. Banking: Textbook for university students / Ed. Beloglazova G.N. - 6th ed., revised. and additional - M.: Finance and statistics, 2006. - 591 p.

22. Banking: Textbook for students of higher and secondary educational institutions / Ed. Korobovoy G.G. - M.: Jurist, 2006. - 751 p.

23. Banking: Textbook for universities / Ed. Kolesnikova V.I. – 5th ed., revised. and additional - M.: NORMA-INFRA-M, 2007. - 460 p.

24. Banking: Textbook for university students / Ed. Lavrushina O.I. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Jurisprudence, 2007. - 667 p.

25. Bukato V.I., Golovin Yu.V. Banks and Bank operations in Russia: textbook / V.I. Bukato. – M.: UNITI-DANA, 2006. – 367 p.

26. Maslenchenkov Yu.S. Banking: Textbook. / Yu.S. Maslenchenkov. - Allpravo, 2007. - 399 p. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: .

27. Fundamentals of banking: Textbook for university students / Ed. Tagirbekova K.R. - M.: NORMA-INFRA-M, 2007. - 716 p.

28. Chelnokov V.A. Banks and banking operations: A textbook for students of higher educational institutions. / V.A. Chelnokov. - , 2007. - 272 p.

29. Http://www.gazprombank.ru/.

The depository agreement between the depositor and the depositary must be concluded in a simple written form, the depositary is obliged to approve the terms of its depositary activities, which are an integral part of the concluded agreement. The conclusion of a depositary agreement does not entail the transfer to the depository of the ownership of the depositor's securities. Thus, the depository does not have the right to dispose of the depositor's securities, manage them or carry out on behalf of the depositor any actions with securities, except for those carried out on behalf of the depositor in cases provided for by the depository agreement, but he bears civil liability for the safety of securities certificates deposited with him papers.

The deposit agreement must contain the following essential terms:

a) definition of the subject of the contract: provision of services for the storage of securities certificates and / or accounting for rights to securities;
b) the procedure for the depositor to transfer to the depository information on the disposal of the depositor's securities deposited with the depository;
c) the duration of the contract;
d) the obligations of the depository, the amount and procedure for payment for its services;
e) the form and frequency of reporting by the depository to the depositor.

The conclusion of a depository agreement provides for the proper performance of all of its obligations, both by the depository and the depositor.

For the purposes of the proper exercise by the holders of securities of the rights to the securities they own, the depositary is obliged, first of all:

- take all the actions provided for by the depositary agreement, necessary for the implementation of the rights of the owner on securities;
- ensure the proper storage of securities certificates and depositary accounting documents, the storage of which is necessary;
- provide the issuer or registrar with the necessary securities certificates, including redemption certificates, coupons and other income documents providing for payment upon presentation;
- ensure that the owners exercise the right to vote at general meetings of shareholders in the manner prescribed by the depository agreement;
- take all measures stipulated by the agreement and the law to protect the rights of a bona fide purchaser to the securities belonging to him and to prevent the seizure of securities from a bona fide purchaser;
- ensure, on behalf of the client (depositor), in accordance with the concluded depository agreement, the transfer of securities to the depo accounts specified by the depositor, both in this depository and in any other depository, while transferring the client's (depositor's) securities to another depository specified by the client (depositor) is not carried out in cases when another depository cannot service this issue of securities only on legal grounds;
- ensure, on behalf of the depositor, the transfer of registered securities to the personal account "depo" in the register of holders of registered securities;
- ensure the acceptance of securities transferred to the accounts of clients (depositors) from other depositories or directly from the registrar;
- ensure the acceptance of securities certificates for storage, while the depository is obliged to ensure the control of the authenticity of securities certificates accepted for storage, as well as that the deposited securities certificates are not declared invalid, stolen, not wanted, not included in the stop lists issuers, law enforcement agencies, or state securities market regulators;
- take all measures provided for by state laws and other regulatory legal acts to protect the interests of clients (depositors) when the issuer carries out corporate actions;
- when the issuer compiles the lists of holders of registered securities, transfer to the issuer or registrar all information about clients (depositors) and securities of clients (depositors) necessary for exercising the rights of owners: receiving income from securities, participating in general meetings of shareholders and other similar rights ; transfer to the issuer all the information on bearer or order securities accounted for on the accounts of clients (depositors) necessary for the holders to exercise their rights under securities in the manner prescribed by law and the depository agreement, etc.

Thus, summing up the results of the first chapter, we draw the following conclusions.

First, deposit operations - operations of banks and other credit institutions, which consist in attracting funds to deposits or placing funds at their disposal in deposits in other banks or financial institutions.

Secondly, the basis of legal regulation deposit operations in Uzbekistan is a number of basic laws: the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the securities market".

Thirdly, the main subjects of depository activities in the Republic of Uzbekistan are depositories and depositors. Thus, organizations - professional participants in the securities market, carrying out depository activities, are called depositories, and only a legal entity can be a depository. A person who uses the services of a depositary for safekeeping of securities and/or recording rights to securities is referred to as a depositor.

The mechanism for attracting funds by commercial banks of the Russian Federation (both in national and foreign currency) of legal entities and individuals to deposit accounts and issuing savings (deposit) certificates is regulated by the Rules for the implementation of deposit operations for bank deposits (approved by the Decree of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of June 30, 1998 No. for No. 250).

The attraction of deposits (deposits) of legal entities and individuals is formalized by the bank by opening a term deposit account with the conclusion of a bank deposit agreement (issuing a savings book) or issuing a savings (deposit) certificate. Under a bank deposit (deposit) agreement, a commercial bank that has accepted money from a depositor undertakes to pay the deposit (deposit) amount and accrued interest to the depositor on the terms and in the manner stipulated by the agreement. The bank deposit agreement must be concluded in writing.

Legal relations between the bank and the client arise at the time of the conclusion of the deposit agreement by both parties and are valid until the full fulfillment of mutual obligations. The Bank guarantees the customer the secrecy of the deposit.

The deposit agreement certifies the right of a commercial bank to manage the funds attracted from legal entities and individuals and the right of depositors to receive within a clearly defined period the amount of the deposit and interest for its use. The parties to the deposit agreement are legal entities and individuals who acquire rights and assume obligations under the agreement. The subject of the deposit agreement is the conditions characterizing the provision of services by the bank to customers in the course of deposit operations.

The deposit agreement is drawn up in two copies. The bank employee registers the contract in the registration book, fixes the date, contract number and deposit account number. The contract is concluded on both sides and sealed. After the full execution of the contract, one copy is issued to the client. If, at the end of the term of the contract, neither party wishes to terminate it, the contract, as a rule, is considered extended for the same period and on the same conditions.

The main details and terms of the deposit agreement should be:

- name and address of the bank that accepts the deposit (deposit);
- the name and address of the owner of the funds;
- date of deposit; deposit amount;
- the date of the depositor's demand for his funds;
- interest rate for the use of the deposit (a commercial bank may reserve the right to change the interest rate in accordance with the change in the discount rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation with a corresponding notice to the depositor, if the depositor does not agree, the agreement may be changed or terminated in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation);
- the obligation of the bank to return the amount that was deposited;
- signatures of the parties: the head of the executive body of the bank or an authorized person and depositors (for a legal entity - the head or an authorized person, for an individual - the owner of the funds or an authorized person).

The client's obligations under the deposit agreement consist in the timely transfer of funds to the bank's deposit account; bank's obligations - to accept cash to a deposit account, calculate interest, ensure the full safety of the deposit amount and return it after the expiration of the contract or ahead of schedule at the request of the client. The parties undertake to maintain secrecy behind all actions related to the execution of the deposit agreement.

Deposits in banking institutions are strictly voluntary. Banks usually set a minimum down payment. A depositor - an individual has the right to draw up a power of attorney or a testamentary disposition on a deposit. In accordance with legal norms, the right of one party to the deposit agreement corresponds to the obligation of the other party. Foreclosure on deposits of legal entities and individuals in commercial banks may be levied on the basis of a verdict or court decision that satisfied a civil claim. Confiscation of deposits can be carried out only on the basis of a judgment that has entered into legal force, or decisions on confiscation of property issued in accordance with the law.

Each commercial bank should give priority to modern technologies for managing deposits (deposits) and savings of legal entities and individuals. It is important for banks to use a variety of holiday, New Year's, vacation, tax and other term deposits in order to accumulate funds sufficient, for example, to buy New Year's gifts (or gifts for other holidays), pay vacation expenses, etc.

Recently, the practice of domestic commercial banks with certificates of deposit has been spreading. Certificates can be nominated both in national and foreign currencies. Certificates are paid out in rubles, and in cases stipulated by the terms of their issue, in foreign currency. Certificates can be issued: one-time or in series, registered or bearer, urgent or on demand. The period of circulation of the certificate is set from the date of its issue to the date when the owner of the certificate receives the right to demand a deposit (deposit) with the certificate.

Certificate blanks must contain the following obligatory details: name "savings (deposit) certificate"; serial number of the certificate and its series (if the issue is serial); date of deposit; the amount of the deposit issued by the certificate (letters and numbers); ways "the decision of the bank to return the amount deposited; the date the depositor demanded the amount for the certificate; the interest rate for using the deposit; the terms of payment of the interest rate - if the depositor demands the return of the deposit before the agreed date; the name and address of the issuing bank, and for the nominal certificate - the name (name) of the depositor; a place for the signature of a person who is authorized by the bank to sign the obligation, and a place for the seal of the bank.

The production of certificate forms is carried out only at state specialized enterprises in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for the production of forms of securities and strict accounting documents approved by joint orders of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 98 dated November 25, 1993.

Issue and redemption of certificates is carried out only by the issuer. Only original certificates are accepted for redemption. If the term for the deposit requirement is due, the bank makes the payment upon presentation of the certificate based on the application of the owner or the person authorized to carry out this operation, which indicates the account to which the funds should be credited.

The bank must provide for the possibility of early submission of an urgent certificate for payment. In this case, the bank pays the owner of the certificate its amount and interest at a reduced interest rate, which is determined when issuing the certificate. If the deadline for receiving a deposit under a term certificate is overdue, then such a certificate is considered a demand document, according to which the bank is obliged to pay the deposit amount and interest indicated in it as of the date of the demand.

During the implementation of deposit operations, the main attention is paid to the opening and maintenance of deposit accounts. When carrying out deposit operations, the bank accepts clients' funds to the corresponding balance accounts, which are determined by the chart of accounts. A deposit account is an account that banks open to legal entities or individuals to place free funds on deposits with interest accrued on deposits.

Deposit accounts are opened on the basis of a deposit agreement concluded between the account holder and the bank institution for a period specified in the agreement. Funds are transferred to deposit accounts from the current account of economic entities and after the expiration of the storage period are returned to the same current account. Opening one deposit account for two or more persons is not allowed. For individuals, banks open deposit accounts (savings deposits). The depositors of commercial banks can be citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons. Deposit accounts are opened with the issuance of a deposit document to the depositor. Such a document may be a savings book (registered or bearer), a savings certificate, another document issued by the bank, certifying the conclusion of a savings deposit agreement with the bank.

The agreement on opening a deposit account stipulates: the type of deposit (term or on demand "); the amount that is deposited or transferred to the deposit account, the amount of the fee; storage period; liability of the parties; conditions for terminating the agreement; other conditions as agreed by the parties. In case of conclusion with the bank of the savings deposit agreement "on demand", at the request of the client, non-cash settlements can be carried out on this account.

After the expiration of the term for keeping funds on the basis of a term deposit agreement, funds from the deposit account are returned to the depositor, transferred to his current account in accordance with the terms of the agreement, or the agreement is considered extended on the terms of a demand deposit.

For a commercial bank, demand deposits are unstable, which limits the possibility and scope of their use. In this regard, the interest rate on demand deposits is always lower than the rate on time deposits. The Bank may require the holders of such an account to maintain on it, a predetermined balance of funds.

If demand deposits are mainly short-term, then term deposits are made for a longer period. Accordingly, the depositor receives a higher percentage than on demand deposits. Due to the stability of time deposits, the bank has the opportunity to dispose of the depositor's funds for a long time and, accordingly, increase the volume of its lending operations. Commercial banks can use the so-called hybrid deposit accounts, which combine the properties of demand deposits and term deposits. Such accounts conditionally consist of two parts: income-expenditure (on demand) and urgent-accumulative (urgent).

According to the Procedure for calculating, recording, paying and withholding interest and reflecting it on accounting accounts in bank institutions (Resolution of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 155 of September 16, 1994), interest on deposit accounts is accrued for a calendar number of days. Interest on deposits is accrued from the day the money is deposited into the account or from the day the transfers are received to the correspondent account of the bank.

Commercial banks are constantly striving to introduce new types of deposit accounts and use progressive technologies for their service. Modern schemes of banking work, with deposit accounts, built on the principles of maximum efficiency and efficiency. The general rules for opening and maintaining deposit accounts can be individualized for each individual client, taking into account the specific financial situation that has developed for him and the bank.

Deposit accounts are opened both in national and foreign currencies. Domestic commercial banks also work with so-called dealing deposit accounts. In this scheme, the client places funds in the national currency - rubles on a deposit account. The Bank daily provides the client with quotes of the main currencies (as a rule, this is the US dollar, German mark, Russian ruble, British pound sterling). The client, using quotes, voluntarily changes the currency of the account and places the equivalent of the deposit for a certain period. Additional income can be obtained through various interest rates and exchange rate differences.

Attracting free foreign exchange funds to bank accounts (and the amount of foreign currency currently in the hands of Ukrainian citizens is quite significant) is extremely relevant and important for enhancing investment processes in national economy RF. Banks can open anonymous foreign currency deposit accounts. Deposit (deposit) accounts in foreign currency are opened for individuals and legal entities (residents and non-residents) by authorized banks.

Thus, in the first chapter of the thesis, we studied theoretical aspects formation of the deposit policy of commercial banks. The subjects and objects of formation of the deposit policy of a commercial bank were identified. The principles and boundaries of its formation were considered.

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution

higher professional education

"Altai State University"

College of Altai State University

Course work

Organization, registration and accounting of depository operations of the bank

Barnaul 2012

INTRODUCTION

1.4 Procedure for registration of deposit operations of the bank

2. ANALYSIS OF DEPOSITARY OPERATIONS

2.1 Legal and regulatory framework for the regulation of bank deposit operations

2.2 Analytical and synthetic accounting of depository operations of the bank

2.3 The mechanism for conducting and accounting for depositary operations on the example of OJSC "Sberbank of Russia"

3. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEPOSITARY OPERATIONS OF BANKS IN RUSSIA

3.1 Problems of organization of depositary operations of banks in Russia

3.2 Prospects for the development of depository operations of banks in Russia

CONCLUSION

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION

To date, depository operations are relevant in the activities of the bank, since customers are quite actively transferring securities for storage and accounting, trust management, brokerage operations, etc., and banks, respectively, receive income from depository operations and accept securities as collateral on issued loans, which makes it possible in the event of a loan default to quickly turn securities into cash, provided that these are securities of reliable issuers with a stable financial position. From the foregoing, we see that depository operations are beneficial for banks in all respects. In the presented course work will be considered a topic devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the organization, registration and accounting of depository operations in credit institutions in modern conditions.

The purpose of writing this course work is to study the issue of operations of commercial banks with securities, and specifically about depositary operations, accounting for these operations, accounting principles, the mechanism of conducting, the features of accounting in the securities market, problems and prospects for the development of this type of operations in Russia .

From a specific goal in the presented course work, the following tasks were set and solved: to consider the procedure for registration and accounting of depository operations in credit institutions in the modern aspect in theory and practice; to study the organization of depository operations and the mechanism of their conduct in credit institutions from the point of view of modern legislation; formulate conclusions and recommendations on the work done.

The solution of the tasks set in the work is carried out using the following methods: consideration of theoretical and practical material on the organization, registration and accounting of depositary operations in credit institutions, the procedure for their registration and participants; analysis of the received theoretical and practical materials; method of summarizing the information and materials obtained, conclusions.

The object of study of this course work is a complex of economic relations for the implementation of depositary operations in credit institutions.

The subject of the work is depositary operations, their organization and accounting, both analytical and synthetic.

The structure of the work is as follows - the term paper consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and applications.

In the course work, the works and teaching aids of Russian authors were used: Kolesnikov V.I., Platonov V., Golovin Yu.V., Lavrushin O.I., Beloglazova G.N., Chelnokov V.A. and etc.

depository bank accounting

1. ESSENCE OF DEPOSITARY OPERATIONS AND THEIR REGISTRATION IN THE BANK

1.1 The concept and essence of bank deposit operations

In accordance with federal law"On the securities market" and the Regulations "On depositary activities" below are the terms that will be mentioned in the text of the course work:

Depositor - a legal or natural person who has entered into a depository, inter-depository agreement or an agreement with a trustee with a depository. The Depositor may be the Owner, Depository-Depositor, Pledgee, Trustee, Issuer.

Owner - a natural or legal person who owns the securities on the basis of the right of ownership or other real right, and who uses the services of a depositary on the basis of a depository agreement to carry out depository activities. The owner can also be a company or its branch (subdivision), which takes into account securities owned by the company on the basis of ownership, other real rights.

Depository-Depositor - a legal entity that is a professional participant in the securities market, carrying out depositary activities, using the services of a depository on the basis of an inter-depository agreement for carrying out depository activities and acting as a Nominal holder of the securities of its depositors.

Issuer (Person that issued the Security) - a legal entity, or executive authorities, or bodies local government, bearing on their own behalf obligations to the owners of securities to exercise the rights secured by them.

Trustee - a professional participant in the Securities market, carrying out trust management of securities transferred to him for a certain period of time and belonging to another person, in the interests of this person or third parties indicated by this person on the basis of a license to carry out securities management activities and / or licenses for the management of investment funds, mutual investment funds and non-state pension funds. A trustee may also be a company or its branch (subdivision) that takes into account securities transferred to the company for trust management or for other operations.

Pledgee - a legal or natural person to whom, in the manner prescribed by these terms and conditions, securities are transferred as security for any obligations under a pledge agreement or other agreement. The pledgee may also be a company or its branch (subdivision) that takes into account the securities transferred to the Company as security for any obligations under the agreement.

Authorized person - a person who has the right to represent interests, as well as submit and sign documents initiating depositary operations, on the basis and within the framework of a power of attorney issued to him by the depositor.

Trustee of the Depo Account - a person to whom the depositor, on the basis of the depositor's agreement with the trustee of the Depo Account (hereinafter referred to as the "Client Trusteeship Agreement") and the power of attorney, has been delegated the authority to dispose of securities and exercise rights under securities held and/or the rights to which are recorded in the depository. Only persons who have a license as a professional participant in the securities market may act as trustees of Depo accounts. The Custodian of the Depo Account is obliged to conclude with the depository an agreement between the Custodian and the Trustee of the Depo Account (hereinafter referred to as the “Trust Agreement”).

Operator of the Depo Account (Section of the Depo Account) - a legal entity that is not the owner of the Depo Account, but has the right, on the basis of the authority received from the depositor, to give instructions to the depository to perform depository operations on the Depo Account (Section of the Depo Account) of the depositor within the powers established by the depositor and the depository agreement.

Depo Account (Depo Account Section) manager - a natural person acting on behalf of a depositor, custodian of the Depo Account or Depo Account (Depo Account Section) operator and authorized on the basis of the charter or, in case the Depo Account ( Section of the Depo Account) is not entitled to act without a power of attorney, on the basis of a power of attorney, to sign documents initiating depositary operations on the Depositor's Depo Account.

Depositary accounting (accounting for depositary operations) is understood as accounting for securities in order to reflect complete and reliable information about securities in the context of their owners, places of storage and depository operations applied to them.

Depositary accounting is entrusted by the management of the credit institution to the accounting department or a special subdivision by issuing an appropriate order. All depositary operations conducted by a credit institution with emissive securities must be reflected in its depository accounting, this rule applies to securities owned by a credit institution and to securities transferred by depositors for safekeeping, recording ownership rights, trust management, as well as for the purpose of carrying out brokerage operations.

The basis for making postings on personal depo accounts that record securities belonging to a credit institution, transferred by clients for brokerage operations and trust management, are the primary documents of the credit institution's divisions responsible for carrying out relevant actions with securities. These documents are drawn up based on the results of securities transactions carried out by the credit institution. The basis for making postings on the balance sheet are the same primary documents and the depositary's report on the completed posting on depo accounts.

A depo balance is a depositary's report on the status of synthetic depo accounts, compiled as of a certain date. The balance sheet is drawn up in the prescribed form and contains a complete list of synthetic depo accounts included in the chart of accounts, indicating the number of securities of each issue assigned to this account.

Accounting for securities on depo accounts is carried out in pieces; additionally, it is allowed to keep records in those units in which the par value of securities of a given issue is determined. Securities on depo accounts are accounted for on a double-entry basis:

By depot liabilities - in the context of owners;

By depot asset - in the context of storage locations.

In addition to depo accounts, to organize accounting within a depo account, personal accounts are opened, which are the minimum indivisible structural unit of depository accounting. The personal account holds securities of the same issue with the same set of allowable depositary operations. The opening of a personal account takes place within the framework of a depo account (including within the framework of a depositor's depo account) and does not require the conclusion of a separate agreement between the depository and the depositor. When opening an account, a registration card is filled in for it, which is placed in the file of personal accounts of the depo account, and each personal account is compared with a synthetic account, which reflects the securities on this personal account. To save information about transactions made with a personal account, two journals are kept: an operational journal and a turnover journal. The set of personal depo accounts, depositary operations with which are regulated by one document, is called an accounting register. A depo account section is opened within a depo account and a unique code is assigned to the section.

1.2 Classification of depository operations of the bank

Depending on the nature of the actions performed, three classes of operations are distinguished: administrative, accounting and information operations.

Administrative operations - operations that affect the change of entries in the depo account questionnaire and other directories. In this case, the transaction record of the depo account itself does not change. Administrative activities include:

Opening and closing of a depo account. Opening an account - entering into the accounting registers of the depository comprehensive information about the client (depositor) and its authorized persons, which allows to carry out operations in accordance with the Regulations of the depository. Opening a depo account is not necessarily accompanied by an immediate deposit of securities into it. Closing of a depo account - making entries in the accounting registers of the depositary that ensure the impossibility of carrying out any operations on this account. The basis for closing a depo account is the instruction of a depositor or a person authorized by him. The account may also be closed at the initiative of the depository in cases stipulated by the terms of depositary activities and the current legislation. A depo account can only be closed with zero balances of securities. No operations can be performed on a closed account, except for information operations. A closed account cannot be reopened.

Appointment of the manager - entering into the accounting registers of the depository of comprehensive information about the person appointed by the client as the operator of the depo account. A depositor may appoint a depository account operator who has the right to issue instructions for the execution of depository operations within the scope of authority established by the agreement or power of attorney.

Acceptance of a new type of securities for servicing and withdrawal of any type of securities from servicing.

Making changes to the questionnaires means registering with the depository a change in the data on the person who is a depositor or operator of a depo account/depo account section.

Administrative operations are recorded in a special journal, and based on the results of their implementation, all necessary reporting can be issued and appropriate commissions charged.

Accounting transactions - transactions associated with the transfer of ownership of stored securities, with a change in the status of stored securities or their physical movement. Accounting transactions change the transaction records of custody accounts. If the accounting operation is performed for the first time, then a new subaccount is opened. If an accounting transaction is carried out on an already existing sub-account, then it only changes its contents (account balance and number in the Transaction Journal) or leads to the creation of a new transaction entry. Accounting operations of the depositary, in turn, are divided into four types: income, expenditure, movement, transfer. Arrival - acceptance of securities to the depository. Credit transactions include acceptance of securities certificates from a depositor for storage in a vault; acceptance of a newly placed issue from the issuer for servicing.

Expenditure - disposal of securities from the depository. Expenditure transactions are transactions related to the issuance of securities certificates from the vault into the hands of the owners; withdrawal by the issuer of the issue from servicing in connection with redemption.

Movement - the physical movement of securities certificates between different storage locations or from one Nostro account to another. Such operations include the transfer of securities certificates between vaults of one depository; transfer of securities from a Nostro account in one depository to a Nostro account in another.

Transfer - the transfer of ownership of securities between different depositors. Transfer transactions represent the transfer of ownership of securities from one depositor to another; reservation or release of securities, i.e. restriction of access to securities; pledge of securities and return from pledge.

Information operations - operations related to the implementation of requests for a specific status of operational records of the depo account, questionnaire of the depo account, directories, file cabinets maintained in the depositary, but not making any changes there. As with any operation of the Depositary, an information transaction may be registered with a refusal indicating its reason. Information operations include drawing up a statement of operations on the depositor's account for a certain period; reporting on account balances on a specific date; obtaining data on a specific depositor in order to send him data on the meeting of shareholders.

According to the requirements of regulatory documents, upon completion of the processing of the order, a report on its execution should be generated.

For the purpose of proper exercise by depositors of the rights to their securities, the depository, on the basis of concluded agreements, provides the following types of services:

Accounting and certification of rights to securities, accounting and certification of the transfer of securities, encumbrance of securities with obligations;

Opening and maintenance of a depo account for each depositor;

Carrying out operations on depo accounts.

The Custody Department is also entitled to provide related services:

Verification of certificates of securities for authenticity and solvency;

Implementation of collection of certificates of securities;

Implementation of withdrawal from circulation and destruction of certificates of valuable

securities in accordance with federal laws;

Tracking corporate actions of the issuer, informing the depositor about these actions and possible negative consequences;

Implementation of the operation of re-registration of property rights, etc.

Thus, there are three types of depository operations: administrative, accounting and information. To ensure the efficiency of the depository, these operations must interact with each other, since each of them is a component of the transaction.

1.3 Participants of depositary operations of the bank and their brief description

Participants of depository operations are a depository - a legal entity professionally engaged in depository activities, and a depositor - a client - a person using the services of a depository for safekeeping of securities and/or recording rights to securities. The relations entered into by the depositor and the depository are formalized by a depository agreement (depo account agreement).

A depository is a legal entity licensed to carry out depositary activities, in its activities it is guided by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts, orders, regulations and instructions of the Bank of Russia, as well as an agreement with a client. Depositories can be of several types: global depositories (custodians) and regional depositories (sub-custodians, sub-depositories); central depositories and their agents in the field.

National central depositories currently exist in most of the developed financial markets of the world. They provide services for the supply of securities against cash payments. Membership opportunities in central national depositories are usually provided only for banking and brokerage organizations, which turns them into wholesale depository organizations. The types of depositary services and operations provided by national central depositories are usually very limited and differ significantly in financial markets, which makes direct use of the services of central depositories outside of any country practically impossible.

a) enters into an issuing depo account agreement with a client;

b) keeps one copy of the global single (total) certificate of the issue of securities on the basis of the issuance account "depo" agreement, may store single or summary certificates;

c) takes into account the rights to securities owned by sub-depositories;

In order to transfer rights to securities between depositors who have entered into agreements with different depositories, these depositories must be in contractual relations with each other - directly or indirectly. Such relations are called "inter-depository" relations, and the agreements concluded to maintain them are called "agreements on inter-depository relations". For each issue of securities between the head depository and any other depository that has entered into agreements with the owners of the same securities, there must be an "accreditation" relationship - either directly or through other depositories. "Accreditation" relations are relations that mediate the transfer of information that allows confirming the rights of owners: "from below" from the depositories that have concluded depository account agreements with the owners - "up", to the head depository, they are drawn up by special agreements.

1.4 Mechanism for conducting and recording depositary operations

The deposit agreement must contain the following essential terms:

a) definition of the subject of the contract: provision of services for the storage of securities certificates and / or accounting for rights to securities;

b) the procedure for the depositor to transfer to the depository information on the disposal of the depositor's securities deposited with the depository;

c) the duration of the contract;

d) the obligations of the depository, the amount and procedure for payment for its services;

e) the form and frequency of reporting by the depository to the depositor;

The conclusion of a depository agreement provides for the proper performance of all of its obligations, both by the depository and the depositor.

For the purposes of the proper exercise by the holders of securities of the rights to the securities they own, the depositary is obliged, first of all:

Take all the actions provided for by the depositary agreement, necessary for the implementation of the rights of the owner under the securities;

Ensure proper storage of securities certificates and depositary accounting documents, the storage of which is necessary;

Provide the issuer or registrar with the necessary securities certificates, including redemption certificates, coupons, and other income documents providing for payment upon presentation;

Ensure that the owners exercise the right to vote at general meetings of shareholders in the manner prescribed by the depository agreement;

Take all measures stipulated by the agreement and the law to protect the rights of a bona fide purchaser to the securities belonging to him and to prevent the seizure of securities from a bona fide purchaser;

Ensure, on behalf of the client (depositor), in accordance with the concluded depository agreement, the transfer of securities to the depo accounts specified by the depositor, both in this depository and in any other depository, while transferring the client's (depositor's) securities to another depository specified by the client ( depositor) is not carried out in cases when another depository cannot service this issue of securities only on legal grounds;

Ensure, on behalf of the depositor, the transfer of registered securities to the personal account "depo" in the register of holders of registered securities;

Ensure the acceptance of securities transferred to the accounts of clients (depositors) from other depositories or directly from the registrar;

Ensure the acceptance of securities certificates for storage, while the depository is obliged to ensure the control of the authenticity of securities certificates accepted for storage, as well as that the deposited securities certificates are not declared invalid, stolen, not wanted, not included in the stop lists by issuers , law enforcement agencies or state regulation of the securities market;

Take all measures provided for by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts to protect the interests of clients (depositors) when the issuer carries out corporate actions;

When the issuer compiles the lists of holders of registered securities, transfer to the issuer or registrar all information about clients (depositors) and securities of clients (depositors) necessary for the exercise of the rights of owners: receiving income from securities, participation in general meetings of shareholders and other similar rights; transfer to the issuer all the information on bearer or order securities accounted for on the accounts of clients (depositors) necessary for the holders to exercise their rights under securities in the manner prescribed by law and the depository agreement, etc.

2 ANALYSIS OF DEPOSITARY OPERATIONS

2.1 Regulatory framework for regulating custody operations

Depository activities of credit institutions are regulated by the following regulations:

"Rules for keeping records of depositary operations of credit institutions in the Russian Federation" determine the procedure and scope of application of the rules for conducting depository operations; terms and concepts related to the accounting of custody operations; general principles of accounting for depository operations; analytical and synthetic accounting of depository operations, this regulatory act also refers to the rules for the formation of a control code and recommendations for coding depo accounts, provides a plan of synthetic accounting accounts for accounting depository operations, a brief description of the purpose of synthetic depo accounts and the procedure for reflecting depository operations on synthetic accounts.

The Regulations “On Depository Activities in the Russian Federation”, which defines the basics of depository activities, depository activities in the securities market, the object of depository activities is defined by this provision as equity and non-equity securities, the conditions for the implementation of depository activities, the rights and obligations of the depositary, the content and conditions of the depository agreements, the procedure for conducting depository accounting, existing depository operations, related services of the depository, control over depositary activities, requirements for the implementation of depositary activities and some other issues.

Decree of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market of October 16, 1997 No. 36 “On Approval of the Regulations on Depository Activities in the Russian Federation, Establishing the Procedure for Its Entry into Force and Scope of Application”. In this resolution, the FCSM, in agreement with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, decides to approve the Regulations developed on the basis of the “Report on conceptual approaches to the place and role of depository activities in the modern securities market” and establishes the procedure for putting the Regulations into effect.

Accounting Rules in Credit Institutions Located on the Territory of the Russian Federation No. 61 dated 01.01.98. The Rules are developed in accordance with the requirements of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On the Central Bank”, “On Accounting” establish uniform legal and methodological foundations for organizing and maintaining accounting, which are mandatory for all credit institutions in the territory of the Russian Federation.

CBR Regulation No. 19-P “On the procedure for granting loans to banks secured by government securities by the BR” defines the general conditions for granting and repaying loans to the BR, the specifics of granting and repaying certain types of loans (lombard, overnight, overdraft), depository operations when granting and repaying loans to the BR, the procedure for obtaining the status of an authorized depository, accounting for transactions on the provision of loans to banks by the BR, secured by the pledge of government securities.

List of other legal acts regulating the activities of depositories:

1. Federal Law No. 39-FZ of April 22, 1996 “On the Securities Market”;

2. Federal Law No. 46-FZ of 05.03.1999 “On Protection of the Rights and Legitimate Interests of Investors in the Securities Market”;

3. Decree of the Federal Securities Commission of Russia No. 46 dated November 10, 1998 “On approval of the Regulations on the procedure for terminating the performance of the functions of a nominal holder of securities”;

4. Decree of the Federal Securities Commission of Russia dated May 22, 2003 No. 03-28/ps “On the Procedure for Recording Additional Issues of Equity Securities in the Accounting System and Cancellation of Individual Numbers (Codes) of Additional Issues of Equity Securities”;

5. Order of the Federal Service for Financial Markets of Russia dated March 21, 2006 N 06-29/pz-n “On Approval of the Regulations on the Internal Control of a Professional Participant in the Securities Market”;

6. Order of the Federal Service for Financial Markets of Russia dated September 29, 2005 N 05-43/pz-n “On Approval of the Methodology for Calculating Equity of Professional Participants in the Securities Market”;

7. Order of the Federal Financial Markets Service of Russia No. 07-50/pz-n dated April 24, 2007 “On Approval of Capital Adequacy Standards for Professional Participants in the Securities Market, as well as Management Companies of Investment Funds, Mutual Investment Funds and Non-Governmental Pension Funds” (as amended by the Order of the Federal Financial Markets Service Russia dated December 25, 2007 No. 07-112/pz-n);

8. Order of the Federal Financial Markets Service of Russia dated 06.03.2007 N 07-21/pz-n “On Approval of the Procedure for Licensing Types of Professional Activities in the Securities Market”;

9. Decree of the FCSM of Russia and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 33/109n dated 11.12.2001 “On Approval of the Regulations on Reporting of Professional Participants in the Securities Market”;

10. Order of the FFMS of Russia dated August 21, 2007 N 07-90/pz-n “On Approval of the Administrative Regulations for the Execution Federal Service on financial markets state function on licensing the activities of professional participants in the securities market”;

11. Order of the Federal Financial Markets Service of Russia dated 05.04.2007 N 07-39/pz-n “On Approval of the Regulations on the Procedure for Making Changes to the Register of Owners of Registered Securities and Carrying out Depository Accounting in Cases of Shares Buyout by a Joint Stock Company at the Request of Shareholders”;

12. Order of the FFMS of Russia dated April 27, 2007 N 07-52/pz-n “On approval of the List of organizations in which Russian depositories can open accounts for recording rights to foreign securities for the purpose of issuing Russian depositary receipts”;

13. Order of the FFMS of Russia dated October 23, 2007 N 07-105/pz-n “On Approval of the Regulations on the Qualification of Foreign Financial Instruments as Securities”.

2.2 Analytical and synthetic accounting of depositary operations

Accounting in credit institutions is divided into analytical and synthetic.

Analytical accounts serve for a detailed reflection of accounting objects and are maintained in the context of synthetic accounts in order to supplement and specify the data contained in them.

Synthetic accounts group accounting objects in generalized indicators. Synthetic accounting serves to control analytical accounting, as well as to compile various kinds of reporting documents.

There is a direct relationship between analytical and synthetic accounting, which is expressed as follows:

the debit and credit turnovers of the synthetic account must be equal to the corresponding totals of turnovers on analytical accounts;

the balance of the synthetic account must be equal to the sum of the balances of the corresponding analytical accounts and must be the same with it in value.

The task of analytical accounting is to reflect each transaction in all the necessary details in order to have accurate data on the state of the account of each client, each type of property and obligations of a credit institution at any time.

The forms of analytical accounting registers are established by the Central Bank of Russia in accordance with the nature of funds, settlements and values recorded on a balance or off-balance account.

Analytical accounting is maintained in personal accounts, sections, cards, magazines.

For each personal account opened, a personal account registration card is created, which is placed in the personal account file; for each section, a section registration card is entered, which is stored in the filing cabinet of the depo accounts section. Analytical accounting maintains two journals: Operations journal - contains information on all transactions during a business day with securities held on a depo account; turnover log - contains information on the balance of securities on the depo account and on the movement of securities on personal accounts.

In order to maintain analytical accounting, the depository opens analytical depo accounts: depo accounts of depositors and depo accounts of places of storage. When opening a passive account, a depository agreement (deposit account agreement) must be concluded between the depositary and the depositor, containing, in accordance with the current regulatory enactments, the main rights and obligations of the parties, but it may not be concluded if the depositary is a depository or if the depositor is a branch or another subdivision of the depository. In some cases, a passive depo account may be opened with a delay in the conclusion of an agreement, for example, in the case of transactions in favor of a third party or when securities are credited in favor of a client who does not have an account with a depository in his absence, but it is not allowed to write off securities from the account before the conclusion of the deposit agreement.

An active account is opened on the basis of an order from the administration of the depositary, which determines the main characteristics of the account to be opened. Opening an account is not necessarily accompanied by the transfer of securities to it; no securities may be taken into account on the account. When an account is opened, a unique code is assigned to it, and the account is registered in the depo account register. The registration log consists of 2 sections: depositors' depo accounts and custody accounts, which can be divided into subsections for the purpose of separate registration of depo accounts of different types. When opening a depo account, an account questionnaire is filled in, if the depositor did not have a depo account with the depository before, then a questionnaire of an individual or legal entity is filled in for him. The profile of the account holder may be included in the profile of the account and, in addition to the questionnaire, a brief questionnaire may be filled out containing part of the information of the full questionnaire and necessary for conducting operational work.

When an account is closed, the closing date is entered in the register, but the account is closed only if there are no securities on it. Closing of the account with zero balances is carried out on the written instruction of the depositor, but the account

may also be closed at the initiative of the depository, if no transactions have been made on it for 1 year and such an account closing procedure is provided for by the regulations of the depository. A previously closed account cannot be reopened; it is also not allowed to use the codes of previously closed accounts until the account is written off to the archive.

Synthetic accounting is a generalization, a grouping of analytical accounting data for balance and off-balance accounts. It gives in monetary terms an idea of the changes in the balance sheet that have occurred under the influence of accounting records.

Synthetic accounting is carried out in summary cards, in turnover sheets, in depot balances. Consolidated cards are compiled on a daily basis on the basis of the turnover log data separately for securities issues. The consolidated cards of securities issues record the totals of daily turnovers and balances at the beginning and end of the trading day on synthetic depo accounts of this issue, grouped by depo asset and liability. On a quarterly basis, according to the summary cards for reconciliation of turnover, a turnover sheet is compiled, which contains, in the context of synthetic accounts with the derivation of totals for assets and liabilities, balances at the beginning of the year, turnover from the beginning of the year and balances at the end of the reporting period. The summary turnover sheet contains the results obtained by summing up the corresponding fields for all turnover sheets of securities issues.

There are three types of deposit balances:

Brief balance - is compiled daily according to the summary cards and contains the summary results for all issues of securities.

Generalized balance - compiled daily according to the summary cards, which are an integral part of the summary balance sheet and contains totals for the asset and liability of depo accounts

Full balance - compiled monthly and provided to the institution of the Central Bank. to control the depository activities of a credit institution; made in two copies.

Prior to the monthly signing of the full balance sheet of the depot and the quarterly signing of the total turnover sheet, these materials must be reconciled with checklists compiled according to analytical accounting data.

To maintain a synthetic accounting of securities held in the depositary, the chapter is used: D. Depo accounts. The plan of synthetic depo accounts looks like this:

Active accounts:

98000 Securities held with a depository;

98010 Securities held in the head depository (NOSTRO basic);

98015 Securities held in other depositories (NOSTRO settlement);

98020 Securities in transit, being checked, being reissued;

98030 Shortage of securities;

98035 Securities seized from the depository.

Passive Accounts

98040 Securities of holders;

980 Securities held by the depositary;

98053 Securities of clients under brokerage agreements;

98055 Securities held in trust;

98060 Securities accepted for safekeeping from grass-roots depositories (LORO basic);

98065 Securities accepted for safekeeping from other depositories (settlement LORO);

98070 Securities encumbered with obligations;

98080 Unidentified securities;

98090 Securities, out of circulation.

Let us give a brief description of some depositary operations on synthetic depo accounts. The total number of securities certified by certificates is reflected in the debit of account 98000 in correspondence with the accounts:

98010 - when transferring certificates of securities for safekeeping to this depository from the depository being the leader for this issue;

98020 - upon completion of delivery, verification or reissuance of securities certificates;

98030 - in relation to securities, certificates of which were found or purchased instead of lost ones;

98040 - upon acceptance for storage of certificates from the owner for crediting securities to his depo account;

98050 - when accepting securities certificates for storage to be credited to the balance of the depository;

98070 - when accepting for safekeeping certificates of securities encumbered with obligations;

98080 - upon acceptance for storage of certificates of securities, the owner of which has not been identified;

98090 - when accepting for safekeeping certificates of new issues of securities accepted for custody services from the issuer.

The credit of the account reflects the total number of securities certified by certificates withdrawn from the custody of the depository, transactions are carried out in correspondence with the accounts:

98010 - when transferring securities certificates for safekeeping to the leading depository;

98020 - when certificates are withdrawn for transportation, verification or reissuance;

98030 - upon detection of the loss of securities certificates;

98040 - when issuing certificates of securities in the hands of owners;

98055 - when issuing certificates of securities held in trust;

98070 - when issuing certificates of securities encumbered with obligations;

98090 - upon withdrawal from storage of certificates of securities withdrawn from circulation.

2.3 The procedure for registration of depositary operations on the example of Gazpromabnk CJSC

Client orders - instructions for which the initiator is a client (depositor), a person authorized by him or an account custodian;

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Federal Agency for Education

Moscow State University

Economics, Statistics and Informatics

Tver branch

DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE AND CREDIT

Course work

in the discipline of financial management in KO

on the topic:

"Organization and regulation of deposit operations of CIs"

Performed:student

D5-FK-51 gr.,

Sotnikova E.A.

Checked: teacher

Tolkachenko G.L.

Tver 2009

Introduction ………………………..…………………………………………………3

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations for the implementation of deposit operations by credit institutions………………..……..………..…......5

The concept and classification of deposit operations.…………….….5

Regulatory and legal regulation of deposit operations....7

Basic provisions and principles of the deposit policy……....10

Chapter 2. Organization of deposit operations in OJSC "MDM - Bank"

2.1. general characteristics JSC "MDM - Bank" ……………………13

2.2. Registration of deposit operations in MDM-Bank ..............................14

2.3. Types of deposits of MDM Bank OJSC………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Chapter 3. Current state and ways to improve deposit operations in the Russian Federation……………………………………………….……......21

3.1. Characteristics of deposits in the conditions of the current state of the country's economy.……………………………………….……………...….21

3.2. Ways to improve deposit operations……………...22

3.3. Prospects for the development of deposit operations in Russia……...25

Conclusion………………………………………………………………….....27

List of used literature……………………………………………29

Application………………………………………………………………….30

Introduction

Contribution (deposit) is money (in cash and non-cash form, in national or foreign currency) transferred to the bank by their owner for storage on certain conditions.

Operations related to attracting funds to deposits are called deposit operations. For banks, deposits are the main type of their passive operations and the main resource for conducting active credit operations.

The attracted funds form the main part of the banks' resources, which cover up to ninety percent of the total need for funds for active banking operations. A commercial bank has the ability to attract funds from enterprises, organizations, institutions, individuals and other banks in the form of deposits (deposits) and open appropriate accounts.

Funds attracted by banks are diverse in composition. Their main types are funds raised by banks in the process of working with clients (deposits), funds accumulated by issuing their own debt obligations (deposit and savings certificates).

The relevance of the choice of the topic of the course work is connected with the vision of the problems of banks in the formation of the resource base and their effective placement in the face of declining inflation, stabilization of the Russian currency and tightening the requirements of the authorities regulating the banking sector.

The purpose of the course work is to study the deposit operations of a commercial bank, their types, deposit policy in credit institutions.

Based on the goal, the following tasks of the course work were formulated:

to study the theoretical aspects of the implementation of deposit operations;

determine the procedure for accounting for transactions on deposits of citizens and deposits of legal entities, the mechanism for accounting for interest on deposit transactions;

characterize the current state and prospects for the development of deposit operations in Russia

When writing a term paper, legislative acts of the Bank of Russia, educational literature, statistical collections, periodicals, reference and information systems were used.

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations for the implementation of deposit operations by credit institutions

1.1. The concept and classification of deposit operations

Deposit operations are a broad concept, since they include all the bank's activities related to raising funds in deposits. A feature of this group of passive operations is that the bank has relatively weak control over the volume of such operations,

since the initiative in placing funds in deposits comes from the depositors. At the same time, as practice shows, the depositor is interested not only in the interest paid by the bank, but also in the reliability of saving the funds entrusted to the bank.

The organization of deposit operations should be carried out subject to a number of principles:

Making a profit and creating conditions for making a profit in the future;

Flexible policy in the management of deposit operations to maintain the operational liquidity of the bank;

Consistency between deposit policy and return on assets;

Development banking services in order to attract customers.

Funds attracted by banks are diverse in composition. Their main types are funds raised by banks in the process of working with clients (the so-called deposits), funds accumulated by issuing their own debt obligations (deposit and savings certificates, bills, bonds) and funds borrowed from other credit institutions through interbank loans and loans. TSB RF.

Deposit accounts can be very diverse and their classification can be based on such criteria as the sources of deposits, their intended purpose, the degree of profitability, etc., however, the category of the depositor and the form of withdrawal of the deposit are most often used as a criterion.

deposits legal entities(enterprises, organizations, other banks);

deposits of individuals.

According to the economic content, all deposits can be grouped:

according to the forms of withdrawal;

according to the order of use of the stored funds.

According to the form of withdrawal of funds, deposits are usually divided into 3 groups:

term deposits;

demand deposits;

savings deposits of the population.

Acceptance of any deposit means the emergence of a certain monetary obligation of the bank to the client. Banks have recently begun to use such a form of deposits, in which the mode of accounts on demand with the mode of term deposits is applied. Having made such a deposit, the depositor may, at the expense of the funds stored there, instruct the bank to transfer to a third party. Typically, such operations were carried out on demand accounts, now interest is charged on them, as on time deposits.

The deposit can be used in two ways:

1. A deposit is money or securities deposited by a debtor in financial and credit, judicial or administrative institutions for storage with subsequent transfer (under certain conditions) to one or another business entity or citizen - a depositor (contributions to pay customs duties, contributions to deposit court accounts in securing a claim and for transfer to recoverers, contributions to notary offices, if it is impossible to deliver money or securities directly to the recipient).

2. A deposit is a deposit of money or securities in banks. A deposit is a deposit for a rigidly defined period, in which the conditions for the return or securities are immediately agreed.

Deposits are a source of formation of the loan capital of the bank, which is used to issue loans, make investments, etc. These banking operations generate income for the bank. Therefore, the bank pays the citizen his deposit. Interest on deposits to a citizen is a payment for the money invested.

The intensification of competition between banks and other financial structures for deposits of individuals and legal entities has led to the emergence of a huge variety of deposits, their prices and service methods. According to some foreign experts, there are currently more than 30 types of bank deposits in developed countries. At the same time, each of them has its own characteristics, which allows customers to choose the most appropriate and possible form of saving money and paying for goods and services that suits their interests.

The current economic situation is forcing banks to change their policy in the field of passive operations through the diversification (variety) of deposit operations.

For the client, the problem of investing funds comes down to choosing between a bank deposit, a few types of securities, and money under the pillow. But in spite of everything, deposits rightfully remain the most popular way of saving and accumulating money.

1.2 Regulatory and legal regulation of deposit operations

The main regulations governing deposit operations:

Civil Code of the Russian Federation: Art. 834-844 (ch. 44), art. 845-860 (ch. 45), art. 395, 809, 818 part 2;

Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Banks and Banking Activities" dated December 2, 1990 No. 395-I, as amended. dated 03/21/2002;

Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 39-P "On the procedure for calculating interest on operations related to the attraction and placement of funds, and the reflection of these operations in accounting accounts" dated 06/26/98;

Passive credit operations, first of all, include deposit operations.

Deposit operations are the operations of banks to attract funds from legal entities and individuals in deposits either for a certain period or on demand. The share of deposit operations usually accounts for up to 95% of liabilities.

The following can act as subjects of deposit operations:

state enterprises and organizations;

state institutions; cooperatives;

joint-stock companies;

mixed enterprises with participation of foreign capital;

public organizations and foundations;

financial and insurance companies;

investment and trust companies and funds;

individual individuals and associations of these individuals;

banks and other lending institutions.

The objects of deposit operations are deposits - the amounts of money that the subjects of deposit operations deposit with the bank and which, by virtue of the current procedure for carrying out banking operations, are concentrated in bank accounts for a certain time.

Deposits of legal entities (enterprises, organizations, other banks)

Deposits of individuals

According to their economic content, deposits are usually divided into 3 groups:

time deposits (with their variety - certificates of deposit);

demand deposits;

conditional deposits (the agreement may provide for making deposits on pre-agreed conditions for their return, which do not contradict the law).

In banking practice, demand deposits are the most common, i.e. the deposit is issued at the first request of the depositor, and the term deposit - the return of the deposit is carried out after the expiration of the period specified by the agreement.

In turn, each of these groups is classified according to different criteria. Term deposits are classified according to their term:

for up to 30 days

for a period of 31 to 90 days

for a period of 91 to 180 days

for a period of 181 days to 1 year

for a period of 1 to 3 years

for more than 3 years

Demand deposits are classified depending on the nature and ownership of the funds held in the accounts:

funds on the settlement, current, budget accounts of enterprises and organizations of different forms of ownership;

funds on special accounts for the storage of funds of various purposeful economic purposes (own funds of enterprises intended for capital investments;

funds of enterprises and organizations in settlements; funds on correspondent accounts for settlements with other banks; local budget funds).

Savings deposits, depending on the characteristics of their storage, are divided into: fixed-term, fixed-term with additional deposits, winning, cash-and-thing winning, youth-bonus, conditional, bearer on current accounts, on demand, savings certificates, plastic cards (credit and others) . Each type of deposit has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Demand deposits are the most liquid. Their owners can at any time use the money on demand accounts.

1.3 Basic provisions and principles of the deposit policy

The main goal of the Bank's deposit policy is to attract the optimal amount of financial resources (by terms and currencies) necessary and sufficient to operate in the financial markets, provided that the minimum level of costs is ensured.

The deposit policy of the Bank is closely connected with the credit and interest policy of the Bank, being one of the elements of the banking policy as a whole.

The deposit policy of the Bank is formed with the following steps:

setting goals and defining objectives of the deposit policy;

allocation of relevant departments involved in the implementation of the deposit policy, distribution of powers of the Bank's employees;

development of the necessary procedures and technical procedures for conducting banking operations that ensure the attraction of resources;

organization of control and management in the process of banking operations aimed at attracting resources.

When forming the deposit policy, the following specific principles are taken into account:

principles for ensuring the optimal (taking into account the subsequent receipt of income from the allocation of resources) level of costs;

the principle of security of conducting deposit operations and maintaining the reliability of the Bank's work.

Compliance with the above principles allows the Bank to form both strategic and tactical directions in the organization of the deposit process, thereby ensuring the efficiency and optimization of the deposit policy.

The deposit policy of the bank provides for:

analysis of the deposit market;

identification of target markets to minimize deposit risk;

minimization of expenses in the process of attracting funds;

optimization of the management of the Bank's deposit portfolio in order to maintain the required level of the Bank's liquidity and increase its stability.

The implementation of the Bank's deposit policy is carried out in the course of carrying out specific banking operations listed above, which allow attracting funds.

The main principle of the bank's work in the course of deposit operations is to ensure the amount of resources required for the normal functioning of the Bank, achieved at minimal cost for their purchase.

The main principle is achieved by diversifying the portfolio of attracted financial resources according to the sources of their attraction and structure, linking the volume and structure of these resources (by currency and by maturity) to the volume and structure of assets.

An obligatory requirement in determining the possible conditions for attracting resources is a preliminary analysis of possible directions for spending the attracted resources with an assessment of financial results and structural changes as a result of the proposed banking operations.

In order to attract funds from business entities and citizens into their circulation, banks develop and implement a whole range of activities. So, first of all, an important means of competition between banks for attracting resources is the interest rate policy, because the amount of income on invested funds serves as a significant incentive for customers to place their temporarily free funds in deposits (deposits).

The system of interest rates on deposits should be oriented to the market situation with indispensable consideration of the emerging hierarchy of reliability of comparable instruments. Thus, a bank that keeps rates at a lower level than competitors close to it in terms of reliability risks losing part of its clientele.

The traditional type of calculation of income is simple interest, when the actual balance of the deposit is used as the basis for calculation, and, based on the interest rate stipulated by the agreement, the calculation and payment of income on the deposit take place with the established frequency. Another type of income calculation is compound interest (interest on interest). In this case, after the expiration of the settlement period, interest is accrued on the deposit amount, and the resulting amount is added to the deposit amount. Thus, in the next billing period, the interest rate is applied to the new deposit amount, which has increased by the amount of previously accrued income.

Chapter 2. Organization of deposit operations in OJSC MDM-Bank

2.1. General characteristics of OJSC "MDM - Bank"

OJSC MDM-Bank was founded on December 17, 1993. The Bank operates on the basis of the General Banking License dated February 13, 2003 of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 2361, and other licenses confirming the right to conduct banking operations.

Today MDM-Bank is one of the largest private financial institutions with a developed branch network of 182 points of sale in 73 Russian cities.

MDM Bank is one of the most dynamically developing Russian credit organizations. The Bank is one of the largest in Russia in terms of equity capital and volume of assets.

At present, MDM-Bank is a universal modern financial institution. The Bank provides a full range of services and products to both corporate and private clients.

MDM Bank's priority business areas are corporate banking, retail banking, investment banking and capital markets.

There are many major Russian enterprises among MDM-Bank's clients. The Bank has a developed regional network and continues to actively expand its presence in the regions.

The most important thing for MDM-Bank is the development of the bank's universal specialization on the basis of an extensive distribution network in Moscow and the regions. In this case, a universal approach means business development in three segments: corporate, retail and investment.

The main goal of MDM Bank is to create the largest private credit organization in Russia, which will be the best financial partner for its clients. This goal is achieved by MDM Bank through the formation of a business technology in which the Bank provides its customers with a full range of high-level products and services.

MDM-Bank is proud of its specialists, their professionalism, experience and loyalty to clients and the Bank. The Bank is interested in establishing long-term mutually beneficial partnerships with customers.

MDM Bank is ready to offer its clients assistance in choosing financial instruments and banking services that will fully meet their interests and needs.

The development strategy of MDM Bank is based on 4 main criteria - reliability, quality, efficiency and professionalism. These criteria enabled the Bank not only to effectively cooperate with the largest foreign financial institutions, but also became the key to the reliability and stability of the reputation of MDM Bank in the investment banking market in Russia.

2.2. Documentation of deposit transactions in MDM-Bank

Depositing funds to a term deposit is formalized by a special bank deposit (deposit) agreement, which must be drawn up in writing. Banks independently develop a form of a deposit agreement, which is typical for each individual type of deposit (deposit).

Under a bank deposit (deposit) agreement, one party (bank), which has accepted the amount of money (deposit) received from the other party (depositor) or received for it, undertakes to return the deposit amount and pay interest on it on the terms and in the manner prescribed by the agreement.

The agreement provides for: the amount of the deposit, its validity period, interest that the depositor will receive after the expiration of the agreement, the procedure for their accrual and payment, the obligations and rights of the depositor, the obligations and rights of the bank, the responsibility of the parties for compliance with the terms of the agreement, the procedure for resolving disputes.

The Bank sets the minimum size of the term deposit (deposit), the value of which depends on the bank's focus on a small, medium or large client. For its part, the bank undertakes to fulfill all the terms of the agreement in a timely manner and be liable for their violation, which can be expressed in the establishment of penalties or fines for late disbursement of funds to deposit holders or payment of interest. Disputes arising between the bank and the depositor must be resolved in arbitration or in court (if the depositor is an individual).

The amount of the term deposit, as a rule, is set in round amounts and must be unchanged throughout the entire term of the contract. If the depositor (legal entity) wishes to change the amount of the deposit or its term, then he must terminate the current agreement, withdraw and re-register his deposit on new terms. However, in case of early withdrawal by the depositor of funds on the deposit, he may lose the interest provided for by the agreement in part or in full. As a rule, in these cases, the interest is reduced to the amount of interest paid on demand deposits.

Acceptance of a deposit is accompanied by the opening of a deposit account.

There are various deposit accounts. Their classification can be based on criteria such as sources of deposits, their purpose, degree of profitability, etc. However, the category of the depositor and forms of withdrawal of the deposit are most often used as a criterion.

Since the deposits of both legal entities and individuals, according to the form of withdrawal of funds, are divided into:

Demand deposits (obligations that do not have a specific term);

Term deposits (obligations with a definite term);

Conditional deposits (funds subject to withdrawal upon the occurrence of predetermined conditions).

Demand deposits are intended for current settlements. The initiative to open such an account comes from the clients themselves in connection with the needs to make settlements, make payments and receive funds at their disposal. Funds from these accounts can be withdrawn, transferred to the account of another person without any restrictions (in whole or in part) at any time, at the first request of their owners. At the same time, the bank pays the lowest interest rates on demand accounts.

The mode of operation of these accounts is regulated respectively by the bank account agreement and the correspondent account agreement. Temporarily free funds of economic entities, budgets and budgetary organizations, as well as correspondent banks, are deposited on these accounts for transactions related to servicing their activities.

Legal entities should place a stable amount of temporarily free funds in the bank on time deposit accounts.

And term deposits are not used to make current payments. The level of income on a term deposit is determined by the interest rate, the value of which varies by the bank depending on the term of the deposit (the longer the term of the deposit, the higher the interest rate on it), and it is also directly dependent on the value of the deposit itself. During the term of the deposit, additional contributions to its accounts from the owner are not accepted. From a term deposit, a bank client can receive his funds only after the expiration of its term (together with the interest due). At the same time, legal entities are not entitled to transfer funds in deposits (deposits) to other persons.

Procedure for accepting cash deposits

1. Registration of an agreement for opening a deposit and a cash receipt order, transferring them to the responsible executor.

Responsible executor

2. Registration of the personal account and deposit book of the depositor.

3. Selection of sample signatures of the depositor for the personal account.

4. Verification of submitted documents. With proper execution, the responsible executor puts his signature on the documents.

5. Personal account, cash receipt order, deposit book and agreement are transferred to the controller.

Controller

6. Checking documents. In case of correct execution, he fixes it with his signature. The personal account and one copy of the agreement are returned to the responsible executor.

7. Signs the insert book.

8. An incoming cash order is registered in the cash register upon receipt.

9. The receipt cash order and the deposit book are transferred to the cashier.

10. Checks the incoming cash order, puts his signature, accepts the amount of money from the client and checks it with the amount in the incoming cash order.

11. Signs the deposit book and gives it to the depositor. One copy of the contract is also returned to the client.

12. An incoming cash order is filed into the documents of the day.

If you wish to close the deposit, the client must provide the bank with a deposit agreement and a deposit book, which must be redeemed. The bank offers the client to issue an expense cash warrant for the amount of the deposit and interest on it. The scheme of document flow for closing the deposit can be represented as follows:

Scheme of document flow for closing a deposit

1. Submits the deposit agreement and the deposit book to the responsible executor.

Responsible executor

2. Checks the presented documents, entries in the deposit book and on the personal account.

3. Calculates interest on the day the deposit is closed and makes appropriate entries in the personal account and deposit book.

4. Invites the client to issue an expense cash warrant for the amount of the deposit and interest on it.

5. Transfers to the controller the personal account of the depositor, his deposit book and the account cash order to the controller.

Controller

6. Checks the entries in the personal account and the deposit book, puts his signature in confirmation of the check.

7. Signs an expense cash warrant and registers it in the journal of expenses.

8. The personal account of the depositor is closed and transferred to the responsible executor for delivery to a special archive.

9. The deposit book and the expenditure cash order are transferred to the cashier.

10. Checks the submitted documents and puts his signature in confirmation of the correctness.

11. Specifies the amount to be issued from the client, issues money to the client and repays the deposit book.

12. The deposit book and the cash order are canceled and filed in the documents of the day.

Deposits of citizens differ from deposits of legal entities by more stringent conditions - interest on deposits of citizens cannot be changed by the bank unilaterally, unless this is stipulated in the deposit agreement.

Only banks that have worked for more than two years and have received permission to work with citizens' funds are allowed to conduct transactions of individuals.

Deposits from legal entities are accepted in non-cash form. Enterprises and organizations submit a payment order to their bank, on the basis of which funds are credited.

2.3. Types of deposits of OJSC MDM-Bank

MDM Bank offers its clients a comprehensive approach to personal finance management. Various investment instruments allow you to choose the most interesting investment option - from demand accounts to investments in mutual funds.

One of the bank's key offers to private clients is term deposits, among which any depositor can choose a deposit with the parameters that correspond to his goals, financial capabilities and expected profitability.

Analyzing deposits (deposits) of MDM-Bank for 2009
year (Appendix 1) the following can be noted

The highest interest rate of MDM-Bank on ruble deposits (deposits) was 16%, in foreign currency - 9%;

interest rates of MDM-Bank on deposits (deposits) continue to remain above the refinancing rate set by the Bank of Russia. With a refinancing rate at the end of 2009 of 9.5%, Sberbank's highest interest rate on ruble deposits for 2009 is 16%;

MDM-Bank gives preference to average deposits (deposits) for 365 days. If the amount of the deposit (deposit) is from 30,000 rubles, then the interest rate on such a deposit (deposit) is 16%. If the amount of the deposit (deposit) is from 30,000 rubles for 181 days, then the interest rate on the deposit (deposit) is 1% lower.

deposit "MDM-Your capital" - from 31 days to 730 days;

“MDM-Your Capital +” deposit – from 31 days to 730 days;

deposit "MDM-Your income" - from 91 days to 730 days;

“MDM-Your Prosperity” deposit – from 91 days to 730 days;

“MDM-Your Special” deposit – for 365 days;

“MDM-Your Choice” deposit – from 181 days to 365 days.

For 2009, MDM-Bank has established only two methods for calculating interest on deposits (deposits) of individuals. So, for all deposits (deposits of MDM-Bank, with terms from 31 days to 2 years, monthly and at the end of the contract term, interest is calculated. Interest is added to the main deposit (deposit) at the end of the contract, which reduces the profitability on the deposit (deposit ) and reduces interest capitalization. This is very beneficial for the bank, but not beneficial for the depositor, as it reduces the profitability from interest capitalization. As for monthly interest accruals, here it is more profitable for the depositor.

MDM - Bank offers a variety of deposits (deposits) with monthly accrual and capitalization of interest. High interest rates, a fixed term and, of course, all contributions (deposits) of MDM - Bank are included in the compulsory insurance system.

Chapter 3. Current state and ways to improve deposit operations in the Russian Federation

3.1. Characteristics of deposits in the current state of the country's economy

The dynamics of attracted funds of individuals testifies to the continued positive development of the banking sector.

According to the Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA), the growth rate of bank deposits in 2009 will be about 20%, according to the agency's analytical report for the third quarter. The document also states that in the banks participating in the deposit insurance system for 9 months of 2009, deposits increased by 13.5%, including in the third quarter - by 3.3%. This is lower than the DIA predicted: the agency expected a 4% increase in deposits in the third quarter. The amount of deposits at the moment amounted to 6.6 trillion rubles.

85% of the inflow of deposits came from 20 large retail banks, with the highest growth rates demonstrated by banks offering deposit rates above 16% per annum

The structure of household deposits, depending on the terms of placement, reflects the investment preferences and expectations of depositors. In the third quarter of 2009 – a trend towards an increase in the share of funds placed by the population in long-term deposits. As a result, on October 1, 2009. the share of deposits over 1 year amounted to 82.7% of the funds of individuals placed in the banking system. At the same time, there was a decrease in the share of term deposits up to 1 year (-2.6 percentage points) and demand deposits (-0.8 percentage points).

Consideration of the dynamics of deposits depending on the terms of placement shows that for several years now, it is long-term (over 1 year) deposits that have shown the greatest growth. In turn, the growth rates of short-term deposits are increasingly taking negative values (for terms from 31 days to 1 year).

Long-term deposits provide the main share in the growth of the resource base of banks at the expense of household deposits. In addition to growing confidence in banks, the current trend is largely due to the desire of citizens to compensate for inflationary losses through higher interest rates on long deposits.

Structure of deposits by size of deposits as of October 1, 2009 deposits up to 100 thousand rubles. amounted to 1,541.7 billion rubles. or 31.4% of the amount of insured deposits. The amount of deposits in the range from 100 to 400 thousand rubles. - 1287.5 billion rubles. (29.7%). Deposits from 400 to 700 thousand rubles. - 356.7 billion rubles. (8.2%). Deposits over 700 thousand rubles. - 1,485.2 billion rubles (34.2%).

The largest share of DIA insurance liability falls on deposits from 100 to 400 thousand rubles. - 42.1%. The second in terms of liability are deposits up to 100 thousand rubles. - 41.3%. Deposits from 400 to 700 thousand rubles. occupy 9.5% of the total liability. For deposits over 700 thousand rubles. accounts for 7.2% of the total insurance liability of the DIA.

Ways to improve deposit operations

When attracting funds, the choice remains with the client, and the bank is often forced to conduct fierce competition for the depositor, who is quite easy to lose. The limited resources associated with the development of banking competition leads to close attachment to certain clients. If the circle of these clients is narrow, then the bank's dependence on them is very high. In terms of passive operations, the choice of a bank is usually limited to a certain group of clients, to which it is much more attached than to borrowers. As a result, in the current situation, in order to solve the problem of forming the bank's resource base, it is necessary to intensify work to expand the circle of depositors. Therefore, the bank needs a competent deposit policy, which is based on maintaining the required level of diversification, ensuring the possibility of attracting funds from other sources and maintaining a balance with assets in terms of terms, volumes and interest rates.

In order to expand their lending potential, banks need to intensify their deposit policy. This can be achieved in several ways, including by expanding the list of contributions. It can be assumed that targeted deposits will be beneficial for clients, the payment of which will be timed to coincide with the vacation period, birthdays or other holidays. Their terms are shorter than traditional ones, and the percentage is higher. An example of a targeted deposit can be the so-called "New Year's deposits", "Christmas deposits", i.e. during the year, the bank accepts small deposits for the celebration of the New Year and Christmas, and at the end of the year the bank gives out money to depositors, while those who wish can continue to accumulate money until the next new year.

For clients with different levels of income, some banks can offer fundamentally new financial services, for example, combining a traditional deposit with a whole range of non-banking services - insurance, travel or purchase of consumer goods at a discount.

For the greatest interest of clients, the bank may offer the payment of interest on deposits placed in advance in order to compensate for inflationary losses. In this case, the investor, when placing funds for a certain period, immediately receives the income due to him. However, if the agreement is terminated ahead of schedule, the bank will recalculate the interest on the deposit and the overpaid amounts will be deducted from the deposit amount.

In order to maintain a stable position and dynamic development in the market of deposit services in banks, it is advisable to create a deposit insurance system. This issue is currently relevant. This system will be beneficial for both the bank and its customers. For customers, the deposit insurance system will be attractive in terms of the safety of their deposits in the event of a bank failure, which will provide this bank with comparative advantages compared to other banks where such a system is not available. This system will give the bank an additional inflow of temporarily free funds of the population and legal entities into deposits, because. will be sure that his contribution is protected in crisis situations. The inflow of funds will accordingly allow the bank to expand its base for lending to the real sector of the economy. The objects of insurance in the first place (due to the lack of funding sources) should be deposits of individuals, and in the future, deposits of legal entities.

As part of this issue, it should also be noted that in order to improve the efficiency of managing the liquidity risk of this credit institution, it becomes necessary to take measures to minimize the negative impact of unforeseen withdrawal of term deposits by the population on the financial condition of the bank. Only in the case of protection against early withdrawal, the bank will be able to fully use the deposits of the population to expand medium- and long-term lending, which is so necessary for the economy.

To carry out effective management of deposits, it is necessary to determine the optimal amount of the storage period for term deposits of both individuals and legal entities. At the same time, the bank should pay special attention to the fact that the terms of deposits should be linked to the terms of the turnover of loans, for the issuance of which term deposits can be directed.

Each bank develops its own deposit policy, determining the types of deposits, their terms and interest on them, the conditions for conducting deposit operations, while relying on the specifics of its activities and taking into account the factor of competition from other banks and inflationary processes occurring in the economy.

3.3. Prospects for the development of deposit operations in Russia

The activities of credit institutions are more focused on the needs of the real economy. Even during the economic crisis, a steady upward trend in loan investments persists, according to the reports of credit institutions, the quality of their loan portfolios remains generally satisfactory. There is a certain development of competition in the banking services market, especially for deposits of individuals. As a result, the share of the Savings Bank of the Russian Federation (Sberbank of Russia) in the funds of individuals attracted by the banking sector in deposits (deposits) tends to decrease.

One of the conditions for a qualitatively new stage in the development of bank operations with real sector economy is to create a sustainable medium and long-term resource base.

To solve this strategic problem is the growth of deposits of the population. The prerequisites for increasing household deposits in banks are:

increase in real incomes of the population;

implementation of the provisions of the Federal Law "On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation";

strengthening the stability of credit institutions and the banking sector as a whole;

development of the legal framework for protecting the interests of creditors and depositors;

increasing the confidence of clients and depositors in financial intermediaries;

preservation of the bank secrecy institution, including deposit secrecy;

expansion of the banking products to raise funds from the public.

The Government of the Russian Federation and the Bank of Russia proceed from the fact that the adoption of the Federal Law "On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation" provides the necessary legal framework for state protection of the interests of depositors, especially those who have small savings. Conditions are being created both for increasing the inflow of deposits into the banking sector and for developing competition between banks in the field of attracting deposits.

As regards the functioning of the deposit insurance system, a set of measures will be taken aimed at minimizing the risks of the insurance system, primarily by preventing the participation of unstable banks in it. In order to participate in the deposit insurance system, credit institutions must comply with the criteria for admission to this system provided for in the legislation of the Russian Federation and in the regulations of the Bank of Russia.

In the context of continuing financial instability, the efforts of banks alone are not enough for further growth of the deposit market.

Conclusion

Currently, a commercial bank is able to offer a client a large number of different types of banking products and services. Not all banking operations are used daily in the practice of the bank, but there is a certain basic set, without which a credit institution cannot function. First of all, it is the attraction and placement of temporarily free funds in deposits.

Deposits are an important source of resources for commercial banks. There are various types of deposit accounts, and basically their classification can be based on such criteria as the sources of deposits, their intended purpose, degree of profitability, etc.

Their structure in the bank is mobile and depends on the situation on the money market. This source of formation of banking resources has some disadvantages. These are the material and monetary costs of the bank when attracting funds to deposits, the limited availability of funds within a particular region. The mobilization of funds into deposits depends largely on the clients, and not on the bank itself. And, nevertheless, the competition between banks in the market of credit resources forces them to take measures to develop services that help attract deposits. For these purposes, it is important for commercial banks to develop a deposit policy strategy based on the goals and objectives of a commercial bank, enshrined in its Charter and from the need to maintain bank liquidity.

One of the sustainable sources of growth in the bank's credit resources is the organized savings of the population. According to the Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA), the growth rate of bank deposits in 2009 will be about 20%, according to the agency's analytical report for the third quarter. The document also states that in the banks participating in the deposit insurance system for 9 months of 2009, deposits increased by 13.5%, including in the third quarter - by 3.3%. This is lower than the DIA predicted: the agency expected a 4% increase in deposits in the third quarter. The amount of deposits at the moment amounted to 6.6 trillion rubles.

85% of the inflow of deposits came from 20 large retail banks, with the highest growth rates being demonstrated by banks offering deposit rates above 16% per annum.

For the sustainable development of the banking system, it is necessary to protect banks from the risk of early withdrawal of deposits and create an effective deposit guarantee system.

Strengthening the deposit base is very important for banks. By increasing the total volume of deposits and expanding the circle of depositors of legal entities and individuals, it is possible to improve the organization of deposit operations and the system to stimulate the attraction of deposits. This can be achieved by expanding demand deposit accounts of legal entities and individuals, which will make it possible to better meet the needs of customers, improve service, and increase interest in placing funds in banks.

Despite the financial and economic crisis in Russia, there is a slight trend towards an increase in funds on deposits intended for settlement using plastic cards, the share of banks that increase their resources by attracting funds from individuals is also growing, and in general, there is an improvement in the situation in the banking sector.

List of used literature

Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Parts one and two.

I. T. Balabanov “Banks and banking activity” // St. Petersburg, Izd. "PETER", 2001

L. G. Batrakova “Analysis of the interest rate policy of a commercial bank” // M., Izd. Logos, 2002

A. M. Emelyanov, I. D. Matskulyak, B. E. Penkov “Finance, taxes and credit” // M., RAGS, 2001.

E. F. Zhukov “Banks and banking operations” // M., Izd. UNITY, 2000

A. A. Kolesnikov "Banking" // M., Izd. "Finance and statistics", 1999

O. I. Lavrushin "Banking" // M., Izd. "Finance and statistics", 2007

O. I. Lavrushin "Money, credit, banks" // M., Izd. "Finance and statistics", 2007

The official website of MDM Bank is www.mdmbank.ru

Club website banking analysts– www.bankir.ru

Business news portal - bfm.ru

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