Nine month report. Nine month report Use of cash register equipment
Venue: St. Petersburg,
pl. Chernyshevsky, house 11. Hotel "Russia"
LECTURER: Karandashova Irina Igorevna
Candidate economic sciences, teacher, certified auditor. Conducts seminars for chief accountants and managers since 1995 in St. Petersburg and other regions of Russia, and visiting foreign seminars. He is one of the most experienced lecturers on accounting and taxation in St. Petersburg.
LECTURER: Yulia Viktorovna Petrova
Certified auditor. One of the best lecturers conducting seminars for accountants in St. Petersburg and regions of Russia. Consultant in the field accounting and taxation, audit. She worked as director of the consulting and methodology department at the auditing firm “Consult” (St. Petersburg). Author of numerous books and publications on taxation and accounting.
Registration of participants: 09:00 - 10:00
Speech Part 1 Karandashova Irina Igorevna: 10:00 - 11:15
Coffee break 11:15 - 11:30
Lunch break: 13:10-14:00
Speech Part 2 Yulia Viktorovna Petrova: 14:00 - 17:00
Answers to questions from participants
In the seminar program
Accounting and reporting. Changes in current PBUs from reporting for 2016. Reform program regulatory framework in accounting.
New classifier for fixed assets. Transition from the old OKOF to the new one (order of the Federal Agency for Metrology). Requirements for paper primary documents: decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 07/08/16. Replacement of the first administrative fine with a warning for NSR subjects. Maintaining the small business register of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation. On lifting the tax secrecy regime from the most important indicators organizations, new services of the Federal Tax Service. Rules for the application of professional standards. A new package of laws on independent assessment of qualifications. Transition to the use of cash register systems with fiscal drives: main stages, requirements for organizing payments, new administrative responsibility. New in the legislation on regulation of trade activities in the Russian Federation, reduction of deadlines for payment for goods.
New limits for application of the simplified tax system, extension of the application period for UTII until 2021
Income tax. New in legislation. New expenses recognized from 1/1/17.
Application of the new OKOF in tax purposes. Changes to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation regarding Article 317.1 (legal interest) from 08/1/2016, tax consequences. The Supreme Court's position on legal interest. The procedure for recognizing fines, penalties and sanctions. Separate explanations from the Ministry of Finance on the issues of recognizing income and expenses for tax purposes. Calculation methods of formation tax base, including under ongoing contracts. Principles of justification of expenses for taxation. Explanations from the Ministry of Finance on the recognition of certain types of expenses.
VAT. New in legislation.
The procedure for applying new transaction codes in tax reporting. New order application of tax deductions when applying a 0 percent rate, list of exceptions from general rule, invoices for shipment to the EAEU states. Invoices within the framework of intermediary activities: new clarifications. Separate accounting, taxable and non-taxable transactions. Consequences of issuing invoices for non-taxable transactions. Ban on “paper” explanations from January 1, 2017. Clarifications and controversial issues on the procedure for calculating VAT, deductions and application of invoices. Calculation of the tax base by the supplier when providing a discount that reduces the price of the product.
Insurance premiums and reporting on personalized accounting.
Transfer of functions for the administration of insurance premiums to the tax authorities. Features of administering contributions for injuries. Fundamental changes in reporting from January 1, 2017. Consequences of failure to confirm the main type of activity for insurance premiums. Daily allowances above the norm: new approach from 1/1/17. Features of determining the base for calculating contributions: compensation, sanatorium and resort vouchers, partial payment for fitness and other issues.
Changes to the Labor Code.
Changes in the Labor Code: establishing limits on the timing of salary payments, increasing administrative fines for non-payment of wages, increasing compensation for delayed payment of wages.
New in accounting and business regulation.
Changes for small businesses. The most important changes in business regulation: civil and labor legislation, application of cash register systems.
Personal income tax. New in legislation from January 1, 2017, new deductions and non-taxable income.
Responsibility of tax agents, updated 2-NDFL certificates. Features of filling out individual lines of the 6-NDFL calculation: rolling salary, leave with dismissal, early salary, vacation pay, financial assistance, temporary disability benefits. Income in the form of material benefits. Clarifications on the application of standard, social and property deductions. Judicial practice and clarifications on the procedure for paying insurance premiums. Transfer of administration of contributions to the Federal Tax Service, payments and reporting during the transition period.
And again reporting for nine months. And again, our legislators and others like them, trying to relax without problems, gave away a mountain of the fruits of their labors. Let's start, as usual, with accounting.
Accounting
In the third quarter of 2003, the Ministry of Finance of Russia, having issued order No. 67n dated July 22, 2003 “On forms financial statements" In addition to the presentation of new samples of recommended forms of financial statements, the following instructions were approved:- on the volume of accounting reporting forms;
- on the procedure for drawing up and presenting financial statements (hereinafter referred to as instructions on the procedure).
Reporting for 9 months, as is known, is interim. Interim reporting consists of a balance sheet and a profit and loss statement (clause 49 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Reports of Organizations” PBU 4/99, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 6, 1999 No. 43n). Let's look at the new recommended forms of the balance sheet and profit and loss statement.
The organization has the right to decide to submit financial statements according to the forms of financial statements recommended in the order, if the indicators given in them allow compliance with the requirements for financial statements set out in PBU 4/99 and other accounting provisions.
IN Balance sheet(Form No. 1) most of the transcripts of groups of articles are excluded with the exception of the following:
- in the balance sheet assets, the breakdown for the item “Inventories” (line 210) was left in the same volume. From accounts receivable, both long-term (line 230) and short-term (line 240), it is necessary to distinguish only the debts of buyers and customers;
- in the liability side, the decoding is left in the same volume under the article “Reserve capital” (line 430). Decryption requirements accounts payable slightly reduced due to the abolition of the following articles: “Bills payable”, “Debt to subsidiaries and dependent companies”, “Advances received”.
Let us note that when developing and adopting the balance sheet form by organizations, the Ministry of Finance of Russia strongly recommends using the line codes of sections and groups of articles, as well as the total line codes of the recommended form No. 1 (clause 8 of the instructions on the procedure).
Introduced on January 1, 2003, PBU 18/02 “Accounting for income tax calculations” and PBU 19/02 “Accounting financial investments"(approved respectively by orders of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 No. 114n and December 10, 2003 No. 126n) contributed to the introduction of additional lines in the balance sheet form.
Thus, mandatory attributes of the balance sheet for most organizations include the reflection of deferred tax assets (hereinafter referred to as DTA) (line 145 of Section I “Non-current assets”) and deferred tax liabilities (hereinafter referred to as DTA) (line 515 of Section IV “Long-term liabilities”). This requirement is not new for many accountants. Following the requirements of PBU 18/02, when submitting reports for the first quarter and first half of the year, they entered data on deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. But since there were no special lines in the old form, we had to use the articles “Other non-current assets” (code line 150) and “Other long-term liabilities” (line code 520).
Small businesses may not enter these lines, since they have the right not to apply PBU 18/02 (clause 2 of the specified PBU).
In the liability side of the balance sheet, in Section III “Capital and Reserves”, the article “Own shares purchased from shareholders” (an indicator without a number) was introduced. This value is reflected in parentheses. Since negative values, as well as indicators that, in accordance with regulatory documents on accounting, must be subtracted from the corresponding data when calculating the corresponding values (intermediate, final, etc.), are indicated in the financial statements in parentheses (clause 12 of the instructions on the procedure ). If you receive an uncovered loss, you will also need to resort to parentheses.
By the way, in the new form of the balance sheet, retained earnings and uncovered losses are shown on one line 470. At the same time, the entered value, unlike the previously used form, is not divided into current and previous years.
By excluding transcripts of groups of articles from the balance sheet, the Russian Ministry of Finance meant that they would have to be given in the explanations to balance sheet. For the most part, all seized transcripts are presented in Form No. 5 of the Appendix to the Balance Sheet. If the organization considers that the transcripts still provide interested parties with the necessary information and give them the opportunity to more deeply analyze the data presented, then they can be presented directly in the balance sheet.
Recommended form Profit and loss report(form No. 2) also decreased in volume. This is due to the removal of lines to reflect extraordinary income and expenses, transcripts of the proceeds received from the sale of goods, products, works, services and the resulting cost. The form lacks both a breakdown of indicators into sections and line codes. Coding in accounting reporting forms (with the exception of the balance sheet - see above) is left to organizations (clause 8 of the instructions on the procedure).
The cost of goods sold (products, works, services), commercial and administrative expenses, sales loss, interest payable, operating and non-operating expenses, as well as current income tax in Form No. 2 are indicated in parentheses. Let us recall that the current income tax (hereinafter - TNP) and the current tax loss (hereinafter - TNU) are recognized as income tax for tax purposes (clause 21 of PBU 18/02).
Additionally, the entered lines in the form are again related to the adopted PBU 18/02.
As in the balance sheet, lines are entered to reflect deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. However, their presence alone will not allow us to determine the current income tax. The amount of permanent tax liability (asset) is also necessary, which the Russian Ministry of Finance considered necessary to provide for reference. If the calculation part of the form indicated the conditional income tax expense (or income) (hereinafter referred to as URNP or UDNP) (the product of accounting profit generated in the reporting period by established by law
RF income tax rate) and the amount of permanent tax liability (hereinafter - PNO) (or asset - PNA), then there would be a logical transition to the current income tax established by paragraph 21 of PBU 18/02:
TNP (TNU) = + URNP (- UDNP) + PNO - PNA + SHE – IT.
If organizations consider it necessary to present this ratio, they may well change the recommended form of the profit and loss statement by adding the necessary lines.
Note that the Ministry of Finance of Russia in its order states the possibility of the existence of a permanent tax asset, which is not in PBU 18/02. It only mentions a permanent tax liability.
The amount of loss received before January 1, 2002 (remember, at that time the norms of PBU 18/02 were not yet applied) will only participate in the calculation of the tax base of the current year (possibly in subsequent years) and will not generate accounting profit until its repayment. Therefore, it must be considered as a permanent difference (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 14, 2003 No. 16-00-14/219 for a detailed commentary on it, see PBU 9/2003 “720 hours”). Moreover, in each period in which losses are carried forward, the current income tax will be less than the conditional income tax expense. To do this, you will need to make the following entry in accounting:
- a permanent tax asset is reflected.
Example 1 In 2002, when calculating income tax, the organization received a loss in the amount of 14,675 rubles. Deferred taxes for 2002 were not formed during the inter-reporting period and were not reflected in the balance sheet as of January 1, 2003.But the above applies only to transferable losses received before the beginning of the current year, when the norms of PBU 18/02 were not applied. If losses incurred based on the results of 2003 are carried forward to the future, they will be reflected in accounting somewhat differently.For 9 months of 2003, the tax base for income tax amounted to 38,500 rubles. This amount is also the generated accounting profit
The amount of conditional income tax expense will be 9,240 rubles. (RUB 38,500 x 24%).
Based on the results of 9 months, the taxpayer has the right to reduce taxable profit by only part of the amount of the 2002 loss. Its size is 11,550 rubles. (RUB 38,500 x 30%). This value is recognized as a permanent difference, which leads to the emergence of a permanent tax asset. To reflect it in accounting, the following entry is made:
Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 99
- 2772 rub. (RUB 11,550 x 24%) - reflects a permanent tax asset caused by the carry forward of the 2002 loss.
The amount of current income tax is 6,468 rubles. ((RUB 38,500 – RUB 11,550) x 24%).
Let's check the correctness of the calculations: 6468 = 9248 – 2772
In the income statement, the value of the permanent tax asset is given in parentheses.
______
End of example 1.
Example 2. Let's use the data from example 1, but move in time. For 9 months of 2003, the difference between income and expenses taken into account for income tax purposes in accordance with Chapter 25 of the Tax Code amounted to a negative value of 14,675 rubles. According to accounting, a loss was received in the same amount. At the end of the year, these values increase to 16,500 rubles.On changes in the remaining recommended forms of appendices to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement of financial statements: Statement of changes in capital (Form No. 3), Statement of cash flows (Form No. 4), Appendix to the balance sheet (Form No. 5), Report on intended use We will discuss the funds received (form No. 6) in detail when preparing the annual report.In the first quarter of 2004, the tax base for calculating income tax was 38,500 rubles. The accounting profit was formed in the same amount
Since, based on the results of 9 months of 2003, when calculating income tax, a loss of 14,675 rubles was received, the tax base for this period is recognized as zero (clause 8 of Article 274 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Therefore, the current income tax will also be zero.
In accounting for 9 months, the resulting loss will contribute to the formation of conditional income in the amount of 3,522 rubles. (RUB 14,675 x 24%).
Data for calculating income tax in accounting and tax accounting for 9 months vary. Therefore, temporary differences arise in the amount of RUB 14,675. – deductible. Since the loss of the reporting period, carried forward for tax purposes, will further lead to a reduction in income tax calculated in subsequent reporting periods.
Deductible temporary differences will cause the formation of a deferred tax asset in the amount of the same 3,522 rubles. (RUB 14,675 x 24%). The following entry will be made in accounting to reflect it:
- 3522 rub. – the accrual of a deferred tax asset in connection with the formation of a loss is reflected.
This amount must be entered on line 145 of the balance sheet.
In this case, the norm of paragraph 21 of PBU 18/02 will also be fulfilled: 0 = -3522 + 3522.
Since at the end of 2003 the loss increases to 16,500 rubles, the amount of deductible temporary differences for the fourth quarter will increase by another 1,825 rubles. (16,500 – 14,675). And this will contribute to an increase in the value of the deferred tax asset to 3,960 rubles. (RUB 16,500 x 24%). Therefore, in accounting at the end of the year it will be necessary to make an entry:
Debit 09 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculation of income tax”
- 438 rub. (3960 – 3522) – an increase in the deferred tax asset is reflected due to an increase in loss inIV quarter.
When preparing reports for the first quarter of 2004, an organization has the right to reduce taxable profit by only part of the amount of the 2003 loss. Its size is 11,550 rubles. (RUB 38,500 x 30%). Based on this, the current income tax will be 6,468 rubles. ((RUB 38,500 – RUB 11,550) x 24%).
In accounting, the value of the conditional income tax expense is the same 9,240 rubles. (RUB 38,500 x 24%). Based on the results of the first quarter, deductible temporary differences decrease by the amount of the loss carried forward, which contributes to a decrease in the previously calculated value of the deferred tax asset. This is done with the following entry:
Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 09
- 2772 rub. (RUB 11,550 x 24%) – the amount of the deferred tax asset was reduced due to the transfer of the 2003 loss to the future.
The remaining amount of the deferred tax asset is RUB 1,188. (3960 – 2772) will decrease as the requirements of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation are met.
_______________________________
End of example 2.
When submitting a report for 9 months, organizations can use both the old forms of the balance sheet and profit and loss account, and the new recommended ones.
At the same time, the prepared financial statements must give a reliable and complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position.
TaxationChanges in taxation are associated with the adoption of a number of federal laws and the issuance of decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation. The Ministry of Taxes and Taxes of Russia also makes its contribution, fulfilling its direct responsibility in terms of explanatory work on the application of legislation on taxes and fees (subclause 4, clause 1, article 32 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Moreover, clarifications often change and supplement legislation.
Application of cash register equipment As you know, on June 28, 2003, Federal Law No. 54-FZ dated May 22, 2003 “On the use of cash register equipment when making cash payments and (or) payments using payment cards” came into force. It obliges organizations and It is mandatory to use cash register equipment included in the State Register when making cash payments and (or) payments using payment cards in cases of selling goods, performing work or providing services, both with citizens and legal entities. Based on this, when receiving cash from a legal entity, organizations, in addition to a cash receipt, issue a cash receipt order, and when shipping goods (performing work, providing services), they also issue an invoice.Organizations and individual entrepreneurs can carry out cash payments and (or) payments using payment cards without the use of cash register equipment in the case of providing services to the population, provided that they issue the appropriate strict reporting forms in accordance with the procedure determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Until the relevant government resolution is issued, the use by organizations and individual entrepreneurs of strict reporting documents in forms approved by the Ministry of Finance of Russia in agreement with the State Interdepartmental Commission on Cash Registers is not a basis for holding them responsible for non-use of cash registers (clause 4 of the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court Russia dated July 31, 2003 No. 16). At the same time, the resolution emphasizes that strict reporting forms can be used exclusively when providing services to the population, that is, to citizens, which includes individual entrepreneurs.
A little earlier, and then again, the Ministry of Finance of Russia issued similar information, stating the possibility of using strict reporting documents previously approved by it in agreement with the GMEC for cash registers - receipts, vouchers, tickets, coupons, etc. (letters dated July 14, 2003 No. 16 -00-12/24 and 05.08.03 No. 16-00-12/29).
In addition to the strict reporting forms previously approved by the Ministry of Finance of Russia, you can also use strict reporting documents approved by the decision of the GMEC on cash registers dated June 24, 2003. Since employees of the Ministry of Taxes of Russia have been instructed not to apply penalties for their use (letter of the Ministry of Taxes of Russia dated July 4, 2003 No. ШС-6-22/738).
Let us note that the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of Russia provides an explanation of the concept of non-use of cash registers. This concept for arbitration courts means:
- actual non-use of the cash register (including due to its absence);
- use of a cash register that is not registered with the tax authorities);
- use of cash registers not included in the State Register;
- using cash registers without fiscal (control) memory, with fiscal memory in non-fiscal mode, or with a failed fiscal memory unit;
- use of a cash register that does not have a seal or has a damaged seal, indicating the possibility of access to fiscal memory;
- punching a KKM check indicating the amount less than paid by the buyer (client).
Once again for 6 months - until January 1, 2004, the introduction of electronic control tapes (ECLZ) of KKM was suspended (clause 1, section I, GMEC protocol on KKM dated June 24, 2003 No. 2/74-2003). EKLZ is a software and hardware module as part of a cash register, which provides control over the functioning of the cash register by:
- non-correctable (protected from correction) registration in it of information about all payment documents issued on the cash register and shift closing reports, carried out in a single cycle with their registration;
- generation of cryptographic verification codes for specified documents and shift closing reports;
- long-term storage of registered information for the purpose of further identification, processing and receipt of necessary information by tax authorities.
Let us remind you that the GMEC for cash register machines does not extend the period of stay in the State register of cash register machines for models of those devices in which the possibility of functioning of the ECLZ is not realized. If KKM is excluded from the State Register, then their further operation is carried out by the owners until the expiration of the standard depreciation period (Clause 5, Article 3 of Law 54-FZ).
Currency operations
On July 9, 2003, Federal Law No. 116-FZ dated July 7, 2003 “On Amendments to Article 6 of the Law” came into force Russian Federation"ABOUT currency regulation and exchange control." They installed upper limit the standard for the mandatory sale of foreign currency earnings of residents from the export of goods (work, services, results of intellectual activity) in the amount of 30 percent. The specific interest rate is set by the Bank of Russia, which promptly fulfilled the order. From July 10, 25 percent of foreign currency earnings are subject to mandatory sale (instruction of the Bank of Russia dated July 9, 2003 No. 1304-U).As before, the mandatory sale of foreign currency proceeds must be made no later than seven calendar days from the date of its receipt in the exporter’s foreign currency transit account. The sale is carried out through authorized banks at the market rate of foreign currencies to the Russian ruble on the domestic foreign exchange market of the Russian Federation.
Example 3. On August 19, 2003, the organization's transit account received foreign currency earnings from the sale of goods in the amount of $12,000. On August 25, the bank received an order for the mandatory sale of 25 percent of foreign currency earnings. On the same day, the currency was debited from the transit currency account and credited to the current account.Organizations engaged in foreign economic activity need to pay attention to the orders of the State Customs Committee of Russia dated May 16, 2003 No. 532 dated June 2, 2003 No. 600, which came into effect in the third quarter. They approved:The Bank of Russia exchange rate as of August 19 is 30.3246 rubles/dollars. USA, as of August 25 – 30.3100 rubles/dollars.
USA. The currency was sold on the interbank currency exchange at the rate of 30.3165 rubles/dollar.
USA. The bank's commission for the mandatory sale of currency is 0.8% of the amount of currency sold.
In accounting, the operation of the obligatory sale of foreign currency earnings will be reflected as follows.
Debit 52-1-2 “Transit currency account” Credit 62
- RUB 363,895.20 (USD 12,000 x 30.3246 RUB/USD) – foreign currency earnings were credited to the transit account.
Debit 57 Credit 52-1-2 “Transit currency account”
- 90,930 rub. (USD 12,000 x 25% x 30.3100 RUB/USD) – an order for the mandatory sale of 25 percent of foreign currency proceeds was submitted to the bank;
Debit 91-2 Credit 57
- 90,930 rub. – the sold currency is written off at the Bank of Russia exchange rate;
Debit 51 Credit 91-1
- 90,949.50 rub. (3000 US dollars x 30.3165 rubles/US dollars) - the ruble equivalent of the sold currency is credited to the organization’s current account at the interbank exchange rate;
Debit 52-1-1 “Current currency account” Credit 52-1-2 “Transit currency account”
- 272,790 rub. (9000 US dollars x 30.3100 rubles/US dollars) – the remaining 75 percent of foreign currency earnings are credited to the organization’s current foreign currency account;
Debit 91-2 Credit 51
- 175.20 rub. (USD 12,000 x (RUB 30.3246/USD – RUB 30.31000/USD)) - exchange rate difference taken into account
_______________________________
End of example 3.
The procedure for classification by customs authorities of individual goods in accordance with the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity of the Russian Federation, imported into the customs territory of the Russian Federation;
The procedure for confirmation by customs authorities of the country of origin of individual goods imported into the customs territory of the Russian Federation;
Provision on determining the country of origin.
Pollution fee
Published on June 21, 2003, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 12, 2003 No. 344 “On payment standards for emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air by stationary and mobile sources, discharges of pollutants into surface and underground water bodies, disposal of production and consumption waste” completed a year and a half epic with this payment (for more details, see PBU 8/2003 “720 hours”).The Ministry of Taxes of Russia considered that the resolution comes into force on June 30, 2003 (letter of the Ministry of Taxes of Russia dated July 25, 2003 No. NA-6-21/826 “On payment for environmental pollution”). If we follow paragraph 6 of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 23, 1996 No. 763 “On the procedure for the publication and entry into force of acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation and regulatory legal acts of federal executive bodies,” which establishes that government acts affecting rights and freedoms and obligations of citizens and legal entities, come into force simultaneously throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation after 7 days after the day of their first official publication, then this should have been expected at least a day earlier. Perhaps the department considered that on Sunday the “smoking” enterprises of organizations and individual entrepreneurs do not function.
Thus, based on the results of the third quarter of 2003, it is necessary to calculate and pay the payment amount by October 20, as well as submit reports. Although, according to the definition of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated December 10, 2002 No. 284-O, the payment is non-tax in nature, the tax department continues to monitor it, since these revenues are provided for by the approved budget. For the second quarter, the calculation had to be made based on data from one day - June 30.
Let us remind you that the calculation of pollution fees is carried out in accordance with the procedure approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 28, 1992 No. 632.
At the same time, the calculated amount of the payment within the acceptable limits is included in other expenses when calculating income tax (clause 49 of Article 264 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), while the amounts of payments for excess emissions of pollutants into the environment are not taken into account for tax purposes (clause 4 Art. 270 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In accounting, pollution charges environment, including excess ones, are recognized as expenses for ordinary activities associated with the manufacture and sale of products (clause 5 of the Accounting Regulations “Expenses of the Organization” PBU 10/99, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 05/06/99 No. 33n).
The difference in accounting for excess payments in accounting and tax accounting obliges organizations to apply the norms of PBU 18/02. Since subsequently calculated excess payments are excluded from the income tax base for both the reporting and subsequent reporting (tax) periods, a permanent difference arises. Its derivative will be a permanent tax liability.
Since we have focused on the decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, we will draw your attention to two more, issued in the third quarter of 2003:
From 07/09/03 No. 415 “On introducing changes and additions to the Classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups”;
From July 16, 2003 No. 432 “On introducing amendments to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 21, 2001 No. 602 and extending the validity of some of its provisions.”
The very name of the first resolution speaks about its purpose. The resolution affected about 70 positions of the Classification of Fixed Assets. Moreover, the changes mostly transfer fixed assets to depreciation groups with a shorter useful life. For some fixed assets, ambiguities that arose when reading the original edition have been resolved (for more details, see PBU 8/2003 “720 hours”).
The second resolution affects the interests of VAT taxpayers performing operations taxed at a tax rate of 0 percent, the duration of the production cycle of which is more than six months. As is known, when receiving advance payments for the supply of goods, performance of work, or provision of services, VAT is not charged in this case (subclause 1, clause 1, article 262 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The list of such goods was approved by Resolution No. 602. The issued resolution expanded the previously approved list of goods by more than 50 items. In addition, a list of works and services performed and provided directly in outer space, as well as works and services related to space flights, but carried out on earth, has been approved. Moreover, this list applies retroactively - it has been in effect since January 1, 2002.
It is also clarified that a document confirming the duration of the production cycle for the manufacture of goods sold for export (indicating their goods) can be issued not only by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, but also by other federal executive authorities. The document must be signed by deputy ministers (leaders) and certified with the round seal of these ministries (bodies).
Income tax individuals
As in the second quarter of 2003, the legislator adopted two federal laws amending Chapter 23 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation:From 07.07.03 No. 105-FZ “On amendments to Article 218 of Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation”;
From 07.07.03 No. 110-FZ “On amendments to Articles 219 and 220 of the second part Tax Code Russian Federation".
The first law extended the possibility of providing standard tax deductions when calculating personal income tax for any tax agent making the payment. The second law increased the amount of social deductions for education and treatment to 38,000 rubles. (for more details, see PBU 8/2003 “720 hours”).
Let us remind you that taxpayers have the right to reduce their income by the amounts transferred for their education in educational institutions or for the education of their children under the age of 24 in the amount of actual educational expenses incurred, but not more than 38,000 rubles.
Specified social tax deduction is provided if the educational institution has an appropriate license or other document that confirms the status of the educational institution.
The Ministry of Education of Russia, by order No. 3177 dated July 28, 2003, approved a sample form of an agreement for the provision of paid educational services in the field of vocational education. Moreover, the approximate form indicates the contractor providing the services (listing the license details), the customer (when concluding an agreement for the education of children, this is one of the parents or guardian) and the consumer (the student).
The presence of such an agreement, as well as documents confirming the actual payment of tuition, are necessary elements for providing a deduction. Please note that the documents confirming payment must include the data of the taxpayer, who will subsequently apply to the inspectorate of the Ministry of Taxes of Russia for a deduction (in the case of concluding an agreement for the education of children - the surname of the parent or guardian).
Having mentioned this department, one cannot help but draw the attention of accountants of organizations whose employees study at higher educational institutions to another order of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated May 13, 2003 No. 2057. It approved two forms of certificate - call.
When an employee - student of evening and correspondence departments of universities provides a Certificate - a call, entitling him to grant additional leave at the place of work related to studying at a higher educational institution that has state accreditation, the employer must provide him with paid study leave to take intermediate sessions, and also preparation and defense of final qualifying work and passing final state exams.
- A certificate - a challenge, giving the right to provide benefits at the place of work related to studying at a higher educational institution that has state accreditation, is the basis for granting an employee leave without pay. The employer must provide such leave to the employee:
- when entering a university;
- who is a student at the preparatory department of a university - to take final exams, if an employee; full-time student at a university - for passing the exam, for preparation and defense thesis
and passing state exams for the employee.
SimplifiedIn a letter dated June 11, 2003 No. SA-6-22/657, ministry employees explained how it is necessary to take into account certain costs, as well as advances received.
When considering material costs, tax authorities state that expenses of taxpayers are recognized as expenses after they are actually paid. This really corresponds to paragraph 2 of Article 346.17 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. In the future, they directly transfer the norms of Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation when applying cash method to chapter 26.2 of the code.
Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation allows the taxpayer to take into account the costs of purchasing raw materials and supplies in expenses that reduce the income received when calculating income tax if two conditions are met: repayment of debts and as raw materials are written off for production (subclause 1, clause 3, art. 273 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). This is what the modernists are asked to adhere to.
However, if the first condition, as mentioned above, is provided for by Chapter 26.2 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, then the second condition does not exist in it, and there is no reference to Article 273 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation in Chapter 26.2. In other words, what is proposed by the Russian Tax Ministry somewhat expands the norms of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Tax officials propose to include the cost of purchased goods in the expenses of the reporting (tax) period in which the income from the sale of such goods was actually received. Based on this, expenses for goods purchased for future use and not sold in the reporting (tax) period are taken into account when receiving income from the sale of such goods in subsequent reporting (tax) periods.
However, as in the previous case, there is some “distortion” of the facts: both in subparagraph 23, paragraph 1 of Article 346.16, and paragraph 2 of Article 346.17 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, when taking into account in expenses the cost of goods purchased for further resale, there is no condition on the need to obtain income from their sale. Referring to the norm of paragraph 1 of Article 346.17 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Taxes of Russia believes that the received advance payment (advances) for the shipment of goods (performance of work, provision of services) from taxpayers using the simplified taxation system , are subject to taxation in the reporting (tax) period of their receipt.But this requirement is in some conflict with Article 346.15. Paragraph 1 of the article obliges to take into account income from implementation goods (works, services) determined in accordance with Article 249 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Article 249, paragraph 1 income from sales acknowledges But this requirement is in some conflict with Article 346.15. Paragraph 1 of the article obliges to take into account. The Tax Code of the Russian Federation recognizes the sale of goods, work or services as a transfer on a reimbursable basis (including the exchange of goods, work or services) ownership
for goods, results of work performed by one person for another person, paid services provided by one person to another person (Article 39 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). For the most part, advance payment is received before the transfer of ownership of goods (work, services). Therefore, the demand of the department’s employees is not entirely logical. The advance received should be taken into account in income at the time of sale of goods (works and services).
Let us draw the attention of simplifiers to two more letters from the Ministry of Taxes and Taxes of Russia dated May 26, 2003, No. 22-1-14/1255-U107 and 22-2-15/1265-U188. Although they are dated May, they were made public only at the end of August. In the first letter, department employees provided an explanation on the issue of VAT payment. Many taxpayers using the simplification were VAT payers last year. Some of them sold goods (work, services) at the end of the year. The tax calculated in this case was not paid, since, according to
accounting policy
For VAT, they used the “on payment” method. When funds are received in the current year, such taxpayers must pay tax in the general manner, although they are not recognized as VAT taxpayers.
In the second letter, the Ministry of Taxes and Taxes of Russia drew attention to the determination of the residual value of fixed assets from simplifiers, who, even before the new simplification, used a simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting for small businesses, in accordance with Federal Law No. 222-FZ dated December 29, 1995.
The Ministry of Taxes and Taxes of Russia considered that the above-mentioned taxpayers still had to charge depreciation on fixed assets in the generally established manner.
The justification for them was the presence in the book of income and expenses of a special column 7, according to which it was required to indicate expenses that were not accepted when calculating tax. Therefore, at the time of transition to the new simplification, the residual value of fixed assets is determined as the difference between the original cost and the accrued amount of depreciation, determined according to the book data.
However, the procedure for filling out the book of income and expenses required the taxpayer not to show in column 7 some expenses, including depreciation charges for fixed assets (clause 3 of the Procedure for reflecting business transactions in the book of income and expenses by small businesses applying the simplified taxation system, accounting and reporting). And since accrued depreciation was not required to be shown in the book, it is not entirely clear how, based on its data (data from several books, if the object was purchased before January 1, 2002), one can determine the residual value of the object as of January 1, 2003.
Perhaps the tax authorities thought that there was a typo in the order and instead of: “Column 7 does not show costs...”, it should read “Column 7 shows costs...”? Pioneer Ministry of Transport Let us draw the attention of accountants to two documents issued by the Russian Ministry of Transport. The epic has ended with the approval of new fuel and lubricant consumption standards forroad transport
And only road transport organizations must adhere to accounting standards. They are obligated to do this by the Instructions for Accounting for Income and Expenses for Ordinary Activities in Road Transport (approved by Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated June 24, 2003 No. 153). The Russian Ministry of Transport was a pioneer in the development of such industry instructions for accounting for income and expenses. Although the industry instruction was developed on the basis of current accounting provisions, on some issues it “has” its own views, somewhat different from PBU.
Thus, costs for fuel and tire repairs are included in material costs within the limits of standards approved by the department (clauses 40, 43 of the Instructions), while excess costs must be taken into account in non-operating expenses (clause 97 of the Instructions). TO non-operating expenses
All excess amounts determined in accordance with the norms of Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation should also be included.
The ministry has achieved a certain symbiosis of accounting and tax accounting.
Only accountants in the industry are not particularly enviable. Now, in addition to accounting and tax accounting, they have a third one – industry accounting.
October is a difficult month for an accountant: in addition to the monthly activities of sending documents and transferring funds to the budget and funds, regulatory authorities are waiting for reports for nine months or the third quarter of the year. Late payment may result in a fine or blocking of your current account. To ensure that you complete all the necessary actions on time, we will tell you about the important October dates for submitting reports and payments to the budget.
Financial statements
If an entrepreneur runs a business without employees or the organization exists with a single founder-director with whom there is no signed agreement (employment or contract), then in October they only need to submit accounting reports to the tax office. The forms of documents depend on the tax regime and the frequency of tax payments. Declaration on UTII for the 3rd quarter of 2017 The tax period for imputation is a quarter, so payers in October report tax data for the previous three months. The declaration is submitted to the tax authorities at the actual place of business. If the actual place of activity cannot be determined, for example, during cargo transportation or trade with the distribution of goods, then we submit the document: individual entrepreneurs - at their place of residence, companies - at their legal address. Imputation is a convenient mode for companies that have real income). In this article we talked about how to evaluate the profitability of using UTII compared to a simplified one.
VAT return for the 3rd quarter of 2017
OSNO payers submit quarterly VAT returns. This document is also required to be provided by tax agents and firms or entrepreneurs that have issued or received an invoice with a dedicated value added tax. The document is submitted only via the Internet, regardless of the number of staff. A paper declaration will be accepted from you only in exceptional cases; they are given in paragraph 5 of Article 174 of the Tax Code of Russia.
Income tax return
All OSNO payers submit the declaration. Most often, the document is provided quarterly, and then in October we send a declaration for nine months. Companies with a high level of profit that make advances monthly submit a declaration at the end of the month. And then in October the declaration for September is sent. The document is filled out with a cumulative total at any frequency of submission. Companies often incorrectly reflect advances in this report, as well as contributions and taxes; please enter the data carefully. It is convenient that in the current declaration you can correct an error in the previous declaration so as not to send an amendment.
Reporting on employees in October 2017
If an individual entrepreneur or organization has employees on employment or contract contracts, then the number of regular reports immediately increases. Reports are added to funds and tax authorities in connection with contributions, the number of personnel and the amount of employee income. Some reports are submitted every month, some - based on the results of the quarter or year.
SZV-M report for September 2017
This is a monthly report for policyholders, its purpose is to identify working pensioners. Only organizations with a single founder-director who does not have an employment or contract agreement concluded with his own company do not submit a report. We send the report to the Pension Fund.
Report 4-FSS for 9 months of 2017
This is the only document that employers submit to Social Security. It is formed four times during the year. The report includes the amounts of contributions paid for injuries and occupational diseases, payments in case of accidents, funds for medical examination of personnel and special assessment of workplaces. If the number of employees is no more than 25, the report can be sent to Social Security in printed form, with a larger number of employees - only via the Internet. Individual entrepreneurs submit the document at their place of residence, organizations - at their legal address, and payroll departments - at their place of registration.
Calculation of insurance premiums for 9 months of 2017
We submit this calculation to the Federal Tax Service, which controls the procedure for submitting insurance premiums from the beginning of the current year. The document shows the amounts of contributions paid for pension, social and health insurance. The tax office accepts calculations based on the results of the quarter. A printed version of the calculation can be submitted to policyholders with a staff of up to 25 people, the rest submit the document only via the Internet. We submit both payment options within the same time frame.
Report 6-NDFL for 9 months of 2017
Employers and tax agents submit this report quarterly. It reflects income, personal income tax and deductions of employees with whom employment or contract agreements have been signed. The form contains information about the entire enterprise. With its help, officials check the correctness of the actions of tax agents who become employers: they must withhold income tax from workers and transfer it to the state.
Payments in October
In October, companies remit taxes for the past quarter or month, and also pay staff contributions. Timely transfers are important if you do not want to pay fines or lose access to your account.
Insurance premiums for September 2017
In addition to sending reports, you need to transfer contributions to the tax and Social Insurance Fund for employees. This is done by employers in all taxation systems in the same order.
Advance payment under the simplified tax system for 9 months of 2017
In October, simplifiers make their third advance payment of the year. single tax. It is calculated on an accrual basis and transferred to the Federal Tax Service details. We told you how to calculate the advance and legally reduce it in this article.
UTII tax for the 3rd quarter of 2017
Payers of the imputed tax system in October transfer tax according to UTII for the third quarter of the year. Remember, tax is paid even if the enterprise did not operate and there was no movement of funds through the current account.
VAT for the 3rd quarter of 2017
In October, OSNO payers transfer VAT to the budget for the 3rd quarter. The payment can be divided into three equal parts and paid three months after the reporting quarter. Also, VAT for the 3rd quarter is paid by companies in special modes that issued or accepted an invoice with allocated VAT.
Advance payment for income tax
OSNO payers make another advance payment of income tax. If the company's income over the previous four quarters was more than 60 million rubles, tax advances can be paid monthly. Then in October you need to make the first advance for the fourth quarter. Otherwise, the company pays nine months in advance.
Property tax for 9 months of 2017
All organizations on OSNO, simplified, patent or imputation that own property subject to taxation pay this tax based on quarterly results. We talked about calculating property taxes and different categories of payers in this article.
Conducted the conversation N.V. Gorshenina, deputy editor-in-chief of the magazine “Actual Accounting”
Very soon, accountants will have a difficult time preparing financial statements. Unfortunately, a lot of questions arise when filling out items in the balance sheet and profit and loss statement, just like when doing accounting. Some business transactions, which at first glance are quite simple, can confuse an accountant. Igor Nikolaevich Lozhnikov, Director of the Department of Accounting Methodology at HLB Vneshaudit, Honored Economist of the Russian Federation, Associate Professor, told us how to take into account this or that asset in the accounting accounts and how to overcome the difficulties of forming financial reporting indicators.Hello, Igor Nikolaevich. Our editorial office receives many questions that relate to financial reporting and accounting for various assets and liabilities. Could you answer the most interesting of them?
I will try to help the readers of the magazine and answer questions that interest them.
Please tell us how much financial statements need to be submitted for 9 months. Is it necessary to submit an accounting report to companies using the simplified tax system and UTII, as well as to those who combine a special regime with general regime taxation?
Special tax regimes are usually used by small businesses, that is, small enterprises. They are subject to special rules that are enshrined in the Federal Law “On Accounting” dated November 21, 1996 No. 129-FZ, as well as regulations: PBU 4/99, Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n and other documents.
According to these acts, quarterly financial statements are presented by organizations as part of the balance sheet (Form No. 1) and the profit and loss statement (Form No. 2). As for small enterprises that are on a simplified taxation system, they are allowed not to submit financial statements and not to maintain accounting records in a systematic manner, with the exception of operations related to the accounting of fixed assets and intangible assets. Thus, organizations whose activities are entirely regulated by the simplified tax system keep records of income and expenses in the manner established by Chapter 26.2 of the Tax Code. Therefore, they do not submit financial statements. Organizations that are on UTII submit financial statements in the general manner, that is, for 9 months of 2008 they must submit a report in Form No. 1 - balance sheet and Form No. 2 - profit and loss statement.
As for organizations that combine 2 special regimes, the following must be taken into account. UTII is applied for certain types of activities. In this connection, organizations that combine special regimes must submit a report for 9 months of 2008, as well as for any other quarterly period, in the same volume as other enterprises, but only in terms of transactions related to work or services that are subject to UTII. That is, for those operations that relate to the simplified tax system, financial statements are not presented (Read more about the problems of combining special regimes in the journal “Actual Accounting” No. 5, 2008 - editor’s note). Although in practice it can be very difficult to separate such operations as cash flow in the cash register, in the current account, interest on servicing loans and borrowings. Despite the fact that the requirement for separate accounting of transactions is imposed on firms. In this regard, organizations that combine the simplified tax system and UTII present financial statements in full, but in the profit and loss statement they divide the revenue into 2 parts: revenue that falls on activities under UTII, and the part that falls on the simplified tax system. .
organization as a contribution to authorized capital a patent was received. The license agreement has not yet been registered with Rospatent. At what point should a patent be registered: at the time of concluding an agreement or at the time of registering it with Rospatent?
If we are talking about a new patent, that is, which has not previously been registered with Rospatent, then no operations can take place until the patent is registered. According to PBU 14/2007, intellectual property objects are accepted as intangible assets if they are protected by certain documents (that is, the organization has properly executed documents confirming the existence of the asset itself - subparagraph b, paragraph 3 of PBU 14/2007). In our case, this is the right to intellectual property, confirmed by a patent, certificate and other similar documents. Thus, until a patent is registered, it is not an intangible asset.
In the event that a patent that has already been previously registered is transferred as a contribution to the authorized capital, but they want to re-register it, then the situation is different. In this case, it is an intangible asset for the company, regardless of the timing of re-registration with Rospatent. In such a situation, when transferring a patent as a contribution to the authorized capital, the receiving (created) organization reflects the transaction by writing:
DEBIT 04 “Intangible assets” CREDIT 75 “Settlements with founders”
- obtaining a patent.
The organization that transfers the patent makes an entry in its records:
DEBIT 58 “Financial investments” CREDIT 04 “Intangible assets”
- disposal of an intangible asset.
How to account for the costs of trademarks that are registered but will not be used?
According to paragraph 3 of PBU 14/2007, a necessary condition for recognizing objects as intangible assets is their ability to be used either now or in the future. If the company is unable to use any expenses either now or in the future, then these are waste expenses. They must be written off as losses to the accounts of financial results (For more details on the accounting of intangible assets in accordance with the new PBU 14/2007, read the journal “Actual Accounting” No. 3, 2008). In other words, in accounting, costs for trademarks that will never be used are written off as losses. At the same time, an entry is made in accounting:
DEBIT 91 “Other income and expenses” CREDIT 08 “Investments in non-current assets”
- expenses associated with the acquisition of unused trademarks are written off.
I note that the debit of account 08 collects costs for the acquisition or formation of a trademark.
The company applies PBU 18/02 and pays income tax in advance. Should this be reflected in the financial statements? If yes, then how?
It is imperative to reflect such transactions in the financial statements, as well as all transactions related to the transfer of funds. The following entry will be made in the accounting records for this transaction:
DEBIT 68 subaccount “Income Tax” CREDIT 51 “Current accounts”
- advance payment of income tax to the budget.
The director uses his car for business trips. The company writes off fuel and lubricants at the expense of own funds(due to the impossibility of issuing waybills). Should the cost of the car be placed on an off-balance sheet account in this case?
This car does not fall into the category of objects accepted for off-balance sheet accounting. Because the car was not rented and is not accepted for safekeeping. In other words, no legally significant actions supported by contracts (lease agreement, use agreement, etc.) have been carried out in relation to the car.
Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 No. 94nThere is an uncovered loss from previous years in the books. Is it possible to cover it using existing additional capital?
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Off-balance sheet accounts are intended to summarize information about the availability and movement of valuables temporarily in the use or disposal of the organization (leased fixed assets, material assets in custody, in processing, etc.), conditional rights and obligations, as well as for control of individual business transactions. Accounting for these objects is carried out using a simple system.
To answer this question correctly, you need to know from what sources the additional capital was formed. As is known, the main source of the formation of additional capital is funds from the revaluation of non-current assets, that is, fixed assets and intangible assets.
The second source of the formation of additional capital, much smaller in volume and found in practice in a limited number of enterprises, is share premium. This is the difference between the price of shares at which the subscription was made (i.e. par value) and the actual price of their issue (receipt).
And the third source is exchange rate differences. When making one or another contribution to the authorized capital in foreign currency, possible exchange rate differences between the rate at the time of subscription and the date of actual acquisition of the corresponding block of shares should be attributed to additional capital. That's practically all.
The second and third cases of the formation of additional capital, as already noted, are rare and are found in a limited number of organizations. Therefore, the overwhelming majority of enterprises have only the amount from the revaluation of non-current assets in their additional capital. In no case should these funds be used to repay the organization’s losses, that is, to attribute these amounts to the account of retained earnings (uncovered losses).
Although this operation is performed upon disposal of an object of non-current assets, the amount of additional capital remaining from the revaluation of the disposed object is written off to the accounts of retained earnings (uncovered loss). Thus, additional capital funds cannot be used to cover losses of previous years, with the exception of share premium. The latter can be used to cover these losses.
Based on the results of 2007, the company suffered a loss. During 9 months of 2008, profit was generated. There was no meeting of shareholders and profits were not distributed. How to reflect financial results on the income statement?
The profit and loss report is generated only based on the results economic activity current year. All turnover that took place last year will have no relation to the current year’s operations. Therefore, under the article “Net profit (loss) of the reporting period,” it is necessary to take into account the difference, that is, the balance, between the actual accounting profit of the organization for 9 months of 2008 and the liabilities due for payment for the current income tax.
Retained earnings from previous years will remain on the balance sheet as they were. It will participate in the formation of the balance of retained earnings (uncovered loss) at the end of the current year, since this value is calculated on an accrual basis from the beginning of the organization’s activities. But this already applies to form No. 1 - balance sheet. Retained earnings from previous years have nothing to do with the calculation of indicators in Form No. 2 “Profit and Loss Statement”.
The organization acquired a fixed asset, reflecting it on account 08 “Investments in non-current assets”. And then she changed her mind about using it as her main asset and decided to sell it again. How to reflect this operation in accounting and when preparing financial statements?
It all depends on when the organization decided to change its intentions. If the decision to change the organization’s initial plans was made in the current reporting year, then it is possible to make a reversal entry for this operation. For example, an organization acquired a fixed asset in April, and in August decided to sell this object. In this case, you can make a correction entry for April in August. This will be reflected in the accounting accounts as follows:
- fixed assets purchased (recorded in April).
When changing the decision to use an object as a fixed asset:
DEBIT 08 “Investments in non-current assets” CREDIT accounts of settlements or cash accounting (60, 76, 51 depending on the specific content of the business transaction)
- red reversal (recording is made in August).
After this, the following is written in black:
DEBIT 41 “Goods” CREDIT settlement accounts 60, 76, 51
- goods have been entered into a warehouse intended for subsequent resale.
When selling an object, there will be a standard entry:
DEBIT 91 subaccount “Expenses” CREDIT account 41
- the cost of goods sold is written off.
Revenue due for this item will be reflected:
DEBIT 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers” CREDIT account 91 subaccount “Revenue”
- sales revenue accrued.
From the content of your question it follows that the fixed asset requires installation, but the organization changed its intentions and decided to sell it. Thus, if a fixed asset is not installed, but requires installation and is accounted for in the organization on account 08 “Investments in non-current assets”, then its sale will be reflected in the sales accounts in correspondence with account 08 without reversal entries, namely:
DEBIT of account 91 subaccount “Expenses” CREDIT of account 08 “Investments in non-current assets”
- costs of sold unmounted fixed assets are written off.
An organization is going to purchase expensive property, such as a yacht, exclusively for corporate recreation of company employees. This point is not specified in the collective agreement of the enterprise, as well as in the employment contracts of employees. How should such a purchase be reflected in the organization's accounting records?
According to PBU 6/01, objects are accepted for accounting if they can be used for profit, for production purposes or for management. In this regard, the yacht must be taken into account as fixed assets.
PBU 6/01, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 No. 26nMeanwhile, there is such a category of expenses as entertainment expenses, and objects such as yachts and vehicles are often used specifically for entertainment purposes. Entertainment expenses, in turn, are written off as commercial (non-production) expenses in account 44 “Sales expenses”. This is the write-off of fuel and lubricants, wages for drivers, depreciation costs for such an object, etc.
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4. An asset is accepted by the organization for accounting as fixed assets if the following conditions are simultaneously met:
a) the object is intended for use in the production of products, when performing work or providing services, for the management needs of the organization, or to be provided by the organization for a fee for temporary possession and use or for temporary use;
b) the object is intended for use for a long time, i.e. a period of more than 12 months or a normal operating cycle if it exceeds 12 months;
c) the organization does not intend the subsequent resale of this object;
d) the object is capable of bringing economic benefits (income) to the organization in the future.
As for recreation, it must also be paid. To use, for example, a swimming pool or other infrastructure facilities, you have to pay money for a subscription or entrance tickets. Of course, the enterprise can bear these expenses (in whole or in part), but this does not change their paid nature. Thus, objects of the cultural sphere must be taken into account 01 “Fixed assets”, and expenses for their use must be attributed to account 44 “Sale expenses” - entertainment costs or to account 29 “Service production and facilities” in terms of those expenses that the company incurred to organize a corporate holiday for its employees.
PBU 3/2006 allows you to recalculate foreign currency assets and liabilities at the weighted average rate. However, this requires that the exchange rate change insignificantly for most similar transactions. What do we mean by “insignificant change in the exchange rate” and “a large number of similar transactions”?
PBU 3/2006, as amended by Order No. 147n of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 25, 2007, contains paragraphs 17 and 18, which provide for the organization of accounting for foreign currency transactions and a number of other operations carried out by a Russian organization abroad. That is, if the company operates abroad. Accountants do not always understand the provisions of these paragraphs correctly, believing that they can apply to cash, assets and liabilities, etc. In fact, this is not so.
These rules apply only to certain categories of transactions when an organization operates abroad. In this case, we are not talking about operations involving the movement of fixed assets, intangible assets, inventories, cash, used when conducting activities outside of Russia. Such transactions are accounted for at the exchange rate at the time of a particular business transaction. And no average rate provided for in paragraph 18 of PBU 3/2006 is applied.
PBU 6/01, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 27, 2006 No. 154nAn interest-free bill of exchange of a third party purchased under a purchase and sale agreement does not comply with the requirements of paragraph 2 of PBU 19/02 “Accounting for Financial Investments”, since it is not capable of bringing economic benefits to the organization in the future. In this regard, such a bill is usually accounted for as accounts receivable using account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”. Question 1: can such a bill be considered an asset? And related to the first question 2: how to reflect the repayment of such a bill - with or without using account 91 “Other income and expenses”?
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18. <...>using average size rates, calculated as the result of dividing the sum of the products of the official rates of this foreign currency to the ruble, established Central Bank Russian Federation, and the days of their validity in the reporting period by the number of days in the reporting periodParagraph 18 of PBU 3/2006 deals with those transactions that cannot be attributed to a specific period. For example, an organization accrues to employees who work abroad, wages. It is calculated for the month, and not for a specific date. For these purposes, organizations can use the average rate. That is, the average rate applies to those expenses that are taken for a period and not for a specific date: salaries, rent, etc.
An interest-free bill of exchange is not reflected in accounting as an object of financial investment, since it does not generate income (An article in the journal “Actual Accounting” No. 8, 2008 is devoted to accounting for “bill” losses). As for its reflection on account 76 “Settlements with other debtors and creditors”, this is quite reasonable. In this case, we are talking specifically about the acquisition of a financial interest-free bill, and not about receiving it as a guarantee for certain obligations. In this case, the decision to account for this bill in account 76 is correct. When purchasing this bill, the following entries are made:
DEBIT 76 “Settlements with other debtors and creditors” CREDIT 51 “Current account”
- a bill of exchange was purchased.
When the bill is repaid, a reverse entry is made.
Tax inspectors require clarification of financial statements in connection with clarification of tax returns. Do I need to submit “clarifications” on the balance sheet and profit and loss statement?
If during the adjustment the amount of net profit and the amount of income tax calculations change, then these transactions must be reflected in the accounting records. As for replacing financial statements, as is done in the case of tax returns, no one does this and no one should do it. Corrections are made in the next reporting period on an accrual basis, and the previous quarterly financial statements cannot be replaced.
Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n
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11. In cases where an organization identifies an incorrect reflection of business transactions of the current period before the end of the reporting year, corrections are made by entries in the relevant accounting accounts in the month of the reporting period when the distortions are identified. If an incorrect reflection of business transactions is detected in the reporting year after its completion, but for which the annual financial statements have not been approved in the prescribed manner, corrections are made by entries in December of the year for which the annual financial statements are prepared for approval and submission to the appropriate addresses.
In cases where an organization reveals in the current reporting period that business transactions were incorrectly reflected in the accounting accounts last year, corrections are not made to the accounting records and financial statements for the previous reporting year (after the annual financial statements have been approved in the prescribed manner).
*1) ... approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 6, 1999 No. 43n
*2) ... approved by order of the Ministry of Finance dated December 27, 2007 No. 153n
*3) ... approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 No. 114n
*4) ... approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 No. 26n
*5) ... approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 27, 2006 No. 154n
