Where to get a gold mining license. All about artisanal gold mining. Experience of non-commercial gold mining in other countries

Prospector's Tool

Over the period of its existence, humanity has mined 130 thousand tons of gold: 40% of the resulting volume is in jewelry, 30% is stored in state gold reserves and 10% is used in industry.

1. Washing river sand with a jet of water.
2. Extraction of rock in mines.

Even the ancient Greeks washed gold-bearing sand on sheep skins. The high density of the nugget causes it to settle on the grate, while lighter materials are washed out of it. Along with gold, other heavy minerals (concentrate) also settle on the grate.

Manual washing is difficult and unproductive. It is used in underdeveloped countries, where it is used by prospectors in small placers to mine gold, diamonds, and other expensive metals.

The technology does not require the construction of chemical plants, the purchase of large volumes of reagents, and in the case of metal extraction from river rock, it does not require a crushing stage.

Partial washing is used in deposits, where after crushing the rock is washed with a stream of water on a grate. Large nuggets and inclusions of gold in large fractions are washed away by hydraulic force, so large stones are examined manually. Washing should not be used in deposits of dispersed gold (with a fraction of less than 1 mm) or in places where gold is not separated from the rock after crushing.

The washed gold-bearing rock is subjected to sizing (separation of gold from the concentrate).

The washing method becomes advantageous if the metal content in the rock is 0.1 g/1 m³ or higher.

Already at the end of the 19th century, 90% of gold was mined by extraction from gold-bearing ores. The river deposits were almost exhausted and were not suitable for industrial metal mining, although large nuggets are still found. Ore gold is extracted from deep layers of the earth's crust, subjected to mechanical and chemical processing.

Black miners at work

The reduction in the cost of obtaining gold was facilitated by technologies for the enrichment of gold-bearing rocks and the transition from closed mining at great depths to open deposits.

The profitability of ore recycling has been increased and metal losses during production have been reduced.

Refractory ores, slags, and surface layers of rocks are used, the metal content of which is no more than 1.0-0.3 g/1 m³. Production has resumed in previously closed mines.

Technologies for processing gold ores differ depending on the type of rock, fraction, volume of gold in the ore, and the presence of inclusions that complicate the production of high-purity metal.

After obtaining a rock containing gold, the metal is separated from the concentrate.

Non-industrial gold extraction methods

1. Mercury amalgamation. Sand amalgamation is used in cases where the gold fraction does not exceed 1 mm. A simple technology for separating gold from rock is to dissolve the metal in mercury, forming an amalgam. After its dissolution, the amalgam is separated from the rock and filtered through a fine-mesh cloth. In the resulting solution, gold makes up about 40% of the total volume. The remaining mercury is evaporated.
2. Cyanidation. The method includes leaching, concentration and a purification step. Gold is leached as a result of the interaction of cyanide with oxygen, the concentrate is removed using activated carbon, filtration and calcination. Cyanidation purifies gold to a higher degree than amalgamation. The disadvantage is that cyanide vapor is especially dangerous.
3. Chlorination. Hydrochloric acid and chlorine dissolve the gold, then the solids are filtered off, the gold powder is deposited on the filter and compressed into an ingot.

An ancient distillation vessel

In material obtained by amalgamation, the mercury concentration is rarely less than 5%. Chlorination allows metal to be purified up to 99%. Hydrochloric acid is highly toxic and requires safety precautions when handling.

Gold mining in Russia by prospectors

In Russia, it is prohibited for private individuals to mine gold. Gold mining is permitted to enterprises that have the appropriate permit at industrial sites.

Illegal mining of metals and precious stones entails criminal liability.

Carrying out illegal gold mining activities falls under Art. 191 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Illegal trafficking in metals, natural precious stones or pearls”, the sanction of which provides for restriction of freedom for up to 3 years. The extraction of precious metal by a group of persons was recognized as an aggravating circumstance, the punishment for which includes a fine of 1 to 3 million rubles or imprisonment for up to 7 years.

Experience of non-commercial gold mining in other countries

In our country, the practice of the USA and Canada, where the historical places of the “gold rush” described by Jack London, are protected by the state and equipped for visiting by tourists, would be appropriate. In addition, Russia is rich in surface (placer) deposits.

Mine in Congo

The report by University of British Columbia professor Marcello Veiga provides statistics on the use of explored deposits. In accordance with it, gold is mined from one of 5,000 deposits. The remaining volume, which is not used by large companies, could be given to miners. The report says that improving the connection between companies and small cooperatives will significantly increase the volume of metal mined.

This approach is especially relevant for Russia, where the location of depressed areas often borders on small gold-bearing placers.

Nowadays, miners are subjected to dangerous work, dying under rubble, without reporting the place of work to the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Gold mining in a makeshift way extremely labor-intensive and low-productivity, so a small number of private gold miners is unlikely to have an impact on the economic sector. The use of cheap tools, knocked together in a few hours from random boards, reduces productivity and eliminates compliance with safety regulations.

The result of the strict ban on non-industrial mining is that every year from 15 to 20 tons of gold are illegally mined in the country, that is, 10% of the total volume. In total, there are 400 enterprises operating in Russian gold mining.

The government is studying the law on the free supply of gold 2016, which, if approved, will allow individual entrepreneurs to join the development of gold reserves.

Small spool but precious

On February 19, 2016, the Russian government received for approval amendments to the law on the free flow of gold, which may allow the development of deposits by private individuals. If the bill is approved, it is planned to simultaneously adjust the federal law “On Subsoil” and a number of other documents regulating gold mining.

At the first stage, they plan to test the innovations in the Magadan region, and if the attempt is successful, then a similar practice will be introduced in other regions.

The amendments made will simplify the procedure for obtaining a license to develop gold mines for ordinary citizens. Thus, it is planned to provide for use:

• plots of no more than 0.15 sq.m., which were abandoned by major market players;
• with placer gold reserves not exceeding 10 kg;
• for a period of 5 years.

The issue of developing technogenic deposits is also being considered - the extraction of rock remains after large-scale work by large gold mining companies. In Kolyma, the area of ​​such sites is more than 500 million cubic meters.

On a note! Private individuals have been prohibited from mining gold in Russia since 1954. The Magadan authorities have been trying to legalize “free miners” since the 90s of the last century.

There are those willing!

About his desire to be the next to be allowed private mining yellow metal, said the authorities of the Trans-Baikal Territory. At the January meeting, the Public Chamber of the region developed a corresponding appeal to the government and the State Duma with a proposal to include Transbaikalia in the list of pilot regions.

More than 10 tons of precious metal are mined here annually. According to the minister natural resources And industrial policy Transbaikalia Oleg Polyakov, when the law on the free supply of gold is adopted, the country will receive additional volumes of the yellow metal, which today often end up on the “black” market. In times of crisis, changing this situation is especially important.

On a note! In Australia, large companies effectively attract private miners to work, allowing them to extract valuable rock from dumps.

What will legalization do?

Throughout the entire process of lobbying for the law by interested parties, the Russian Union of Prospectors has always opposed it. According to representatives of the organization, the admission of individuals to gold mining will result in a “cooling down of the industry.” According to Deputy Prime Minister Yuri Trutnev, the bill on alluvial metal mining also faces opposition from “a number of departments”, which is why it has not been adopted since 2010.

Despite this, the majority see numerous “advantages” in the new law:

• additional revenues to the budget - according to forecasts, the state will receive at least 300 kg of precious metal annually;
• a good incentive for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the regions;
• creating new jobs and increasing self-employment of the population - according to statistics from the Ministry of Natural Resources, the law will allow at least 2 thousand people to be employed;
• influx of people into sparsely populated regions of the country.

It is no secret that the ban on private gold mining led to rampant corruption and criminalization of the sphere, so legalization will bring the business out of the shadows and put all players in the legal field.

As Magadan Governor Vladimir Pecheny noted, in Magadan the law on the free supply of gold is especially expected by residents of remote settlements, where there are simply no other options to earn money other than gold mining.

The procedure for handing over the mined rock will be determined after the bill is approved at the federal level. Local authorities will be able to make their own adjustments to regional legislation.

Many entrepreneurs are interested in how a gold mining license is issued. Private gold mining in Russia was officially prohibited by law until 2016, and an individual could not obtain a gold mining license. Such rights belonged exclusively to legal entities. If gold mining was carried out by private individuals, the miners were prosecuted according to the criminal code.

But two years ago, a law on private gold mining was passed, allowing individuals to obtain a gold mining permit. But for this, a private person must obtain the status of an individual entrepreneur.

Gold is mined in the country in the Moscow region, the Far East, the Urals, Siberia, and the Leningrad region. After the bill “On Subsoil” was adopted in 2016, individual gold mining by private individuals gradually intensified.

Let's consider the conditions of the new law for individuals:

1. An individual can rent a plot of land no larger than 0.15 km² for a clearly established period.
2. There must be a conclusion from experts that the selected plot of land contains no more than 10 kg of gold.
3. Extraction of the precious metal is permitted only by surface mining.
4. Explosives and similar substances must not be used.
5. You can only dig 5 m deep.

If it is discovered that a private entrepreneur does not have a permit, the miner is fined, his tools are taken away, and sometimes he is sent to prison.
The law imposes similar requirements on a person who has received an individual permit to mine mines that are private property firms or organizations.

Thus, the law is aimed at replenishing the budget, strengthening the position of medium and small businesses, and creating additional jobs.

How to obtain a gold mining permit?

The most important procedure when mining and searching for gold is how to obtain permission.
The law also provides for the establishment of rules for those who wish to obtain a permit (license) for gold mining. Similar documents are issued by Rosnedra or Tsentrsibnedra. Although sometimes the Ministry of Nature of the Russian Federation also issues them, holding special auctions.

The law provided for the following procedure for issuing a gold mining license:

1. The process begins with a search on the Rosnedra website for a site that is offered at auctions or competitions on the Internet in the “buy” or “we will buy” sections.
2. An application to participate in the auction is submitted.
3. The required package of documents, which is usually requested by the organizers, is collected.
4. The competition is won.
5. A document is issued.

The license is issued for 20 or 25 years. The duration of the document depends on the activity that the private gold miner intends to carry out. For example, an entrepreneur wants to mine only precious metals, then a permit will be issued only for 20 years and no more. If production, geological exploration, and field study are planned, then a license must be requested for a period of 25 years. Geological exploration can only be carried out for 5 years.

For individuals, the period for gold mining has been reduced to 5 years. Individuals are also limited in choosing a gold mining site. Private individuals have the right to use deposits with insignificant gold reserves. If there is a lot of this metal, then mining will be prohibited, since huge reserves are needed for industrial and government purposes.

Individual entrepreneurs usually receive for use dumps that once belonged to enterprises, or deposits with little prospects. Bulldozers and other heavy equipment cannot be used in such areas. Individuals can only use hand tools, because of this the size of the production will be small.

The validity period of a license that a private entrepreneur purchases begins from the moment the document was registered with special government bodies.

It is not always possible to purchase a gold mining permit for money. A gold miner will not receive a license in the following situations:

1. A private individual has acquired a company or enterprise that has the right to mine gold. Therefore, a license is required for the activities of an enterprise, not an individual. In this case, the owner is obliged to simply renew the company's license. But to do this, it is necessary to provide government experts with all the information about the geological condition of the land. A license is issued only on the basis of the examination and assessment obtained.
2. A gold miner decides to sign an agreement with a gold mining company on the opportunity to carry out mining work on the territory of a mine or deposit. Rosnedra does not issue a license to such individuals, since the company itself has one. Typically, enterprises specifically hire private individuals who speed up work on sites. This is much cheaper than carrying out development on your own.

How much does it cost to obtain a permit?

Let's look at how much a license costs. In the process of obtaining a gold mining license, a person must go through the stage of purchasing a permit for money. The cost differs, depending on the location of development and working conditions, how the paperwork is completed - independently or through an intermediary company.
Typically, legal companies provide assistance in obtaining a gold mining permit, which significantly increases the cost of the license. But all stages of the work are undertaken by the company’s employees. They will collect papers, fill out forms, and visit various authorities. The applicant is only required to pay for services, which cost an average of 100-200 thousand rubles.

Doing it yourself will take longer, but will also cost less. In particular, you need to pay about 10-100 thousand rubles if a private entrepreneur simply wants to develop placers. But ore mining will be much more expensive, ranging from 15 to 200 thousand dollars. It is worth considering that when obtaining a permit, it is necessary to pay state fees. The first registration of the document will cost 7.5 thousand rubles, and the second - 750 rubles, if the gold miner wants to re-register, extend or receive a duplicate.

License applicants have the right to choose the method in which they wish to obtain a permit. It is beneficial for large companies to contact law firms, and for private entrepreneurs to independently collect papers and participate in the competition.

Individual entrepreneurs
can conduct production under licenses
gold.

The State Duma adopted a law on free speech

According to the amendment to the law, individual entrepreneurs may carry out production under licenses, but only in subsoil areas of local importance that are not objects of industrial development.

Video. Fresh amendments to the law on gold mining. Film directed by Rudolf Kavczyk

IA "Finmarket" The State Duma adopted in the second reading a bill granting the right to mine and produce precious metals and precious stones (with the exception of diamonds) to individuals without forming a legal entity who have passed state registration as individual entrepreneurs. As a Rosbalt correspondent reports, the document was supported by 267 deputies, 1 was against it. In accordance with the bill, individual entrepreneurs can mine precious metals and stones in subsoil areas of exclusively local importance, which in quantitative and qualitative terms are not objects of industrial development. This includes “residual reserves in overburden and host rocks, in dumps or in mining waste, substandard or previously written-off reserves, and other manifestations of ores and sands of precious metals of indigenous, placer and technogenic origin.” The right of individuals to engage in the production and extraction of precious metals and stones, according to the bill, arises from the moment of state registration of licenses for the use of the relevant subsoil areas. Source: Rosbalt

FEDERAL LAW On amendments and additions to the Federal Law
"On Precious Metals and Precious Stones"

Article 1. Introduce into the Federal Law of March 26, 1998 # 41-FZ “On Precious Metals and Precious Stones” (Collection of Legislation Russian Federation, 1998, # 13, art. 1463; 1999, # 14, art. 1664) the following changes and additions:

1. In Article 4: paragraph 1 shall be stated as follows: 1. Extraction of precious metals and precious stones may be carried out by organizations that have received licenses to use the relevant subsoil areas. Extraction of precious metals and precious stones (with the exception of diamonds) can also be carried out by individuals - citizens of the Russian Federation, registered as individual entrepreneurs and who have received licenses to use the relevant subsoil plots of local significance.";

Paragraph 5 should be stated as follows: 5. The right of organizations and individual entrepreneurs specified in paragraph 1 of this article to extract precious metals and precious stones arises from the moment of state registration of licenses for the use of subsoil plots.";

Add paragraph 6 with the following content: 6. Individual entrepreneurs specified in paragraph 1 of this article may mine precious metals and precious stones in subsoil areas of local importance, which in quantitative and qualitative terms are not objects of industrial development: residual reserves in overburden and host rocks, in dumps or waste from mining operations, substandard or previously written-off reserves, other manifestations of ores and sands of precious metals of indigenous, placer and technogenic origin."

2. In Article 11: paragraph two of subparagraph 4 should be stated as follows: “the procedure for accounting, storage of precious metals and precious stones and products made from them, as well as the procedure for reporting on them. The Government of the Russian Federation has the right to transfer the specified powers to the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in relation to individual entrepreneurs specified in paragraph 1 of Article 4 of this Federal Law;".

3. In Article 15: paragraph 3, add the following paragraph: “Individual entrepreneurs specified in paragraph 1 of Article 4 of this Federal Law extract precious metals and precious stones on their own.”

4. In Article 29: paragraph one of paragraph 1 after the words “carrying out operations with precious metals and precious stones,” add the words “as well as individual entrepreneurs specified in paragraph 1 of Article 4 of this Federal Law.”

Article 2. This Federal Law comes into force on the date of its official publication.

The president

Russian Federation

On introducing amendments to Article 17 of the Federal Law

"On Precious Metals and Precious Stones"

Article 1. Clause 3 of Article 17 of the Federal Law of March 26, 1998 No. 41-FZ “On Precious Metals and Precious Stones” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1998, No. 13, Art. 1463) shall be supplemented with the following paragraph: “Specially authorized federal The executive body that carries out licensing of the types of activities specified in subparagraphs 2, 8 and 11 of paragraph 4 of Article 15 of this Federal Law may transfer such powers to the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation."

Article 2. Instruct the Government of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to bring their regulatory legal acts into compliance with this Federal Law within three months from the date of official publication of this Federal Law.

Article 3. This Federal Law comes into force on the date of its official publication. Law Office " Legal decisions business" (link http://www.lbp.ru/texts/o%20drag_2.html)

HELLO KLONDIKE!

Every honest citizen can mine gold. In the near future, each of us will be able to pick up a tray and legally go mining for gold. On April 11, 2003, the State Duma adopted the corresponding bill in the second reading. Experts in the gold mining industry are divided in their assessment of the document: some believe that cases of gold theft will increase, others argue that thousands of people will stop engaging in “gold” crime and become honest miners. Amendments to the law “On Precious Metals and Precious Stones,” which allow individuals to mine precious metals and precious stones, were proposed by the now deceased governors of the gold regions of the Magadan Region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Valentin Tsvetkov and Alexander Lebed.

What is the punishment for illegal gold mining?

Since the bill has now passed the second reading, its fate can be considered practically sealed - in the final, third reading, deputies usually make only technical amendments. So, soon every citizen of the country will receive the right to extract all jewelry from the subsoil (with the exception of diamonds). However, before that he will have to register as an individual entrepreneur. The “free traders” are unlikely to succeed in ousting the large gold miners. They will be allocated areas that have not been in demand and are not even on the balance sheet of deposits. The chairman of the board of the Union of Prospectors, Viktor Tarakanovsky, has a negative attitude towards private individuals entering gold plots. “This will lead to nothing other than stealing gold,” says the miner. The head of the Union of Gold Miners, Valery Braiko, does not agree with his colleague’s opinion. “This will help a number of socially vulnerable categories of citizens to work in places where there is no industrial gold mining, and they will be able to earn extra money,” Valery Braiko told Financial Izvestia. Chairman of the Board of Directors largest enterprise for gold mining in Russia "Polyus" Valery Rudakov says that he has a positive attitude towards the bill: “Now people are forced to wash gold on inconveniences and dumps. Physically, a person can extract 2 grams of gold per day. That is, the state will not receive colossal opportunities from their work as free workers But we will bring thousands of people out of the shadow circulation of gold. “Freedom of gold” was allowed under Stalin, and there is nothing wrong with that. And those who object to this are pursuing their own obscure interests.” This year Russia will produce about 180 tons of gold. According to experts, shadow turnover accounts for about 10% of production in Russia. But this figure includes not only the labor of private individuals, but also cases of theft in gold mines. Valery Braiko says that private individuals currently produce no more than a ton of gold per year, and when their work becomes legal, they will be able to increase production to a maximum of 3 tons. However, the entry into force of amendments to the law “On Precious Metals...” will not automatically solve the problem of free trade. Valery Braiko says that it will be necessary to make a number of changes to the legislation so that private individuals begin work not on the basis of a license, but with the permission of municipal authorities. In order to stimulate the work of private gold miners, they “should also be allowed to sell spot gold to banks.” “Much here will depend on the initiative of local authorities,” concludes Braiko.

On April 23, 2003, the State Duma adopted the law in the third reading"On Amendments and Additions to the Federal Law "On Drugs" metals and precious metals stones." Now the law must receive the approval of the Federation Council, after which it will be signed by the president.

The Ministry of Investment and Development told LS about the features of a new type of subsoil use for Kazakhstan - artisanal mining.

It will now be possible to obtain permission to independently mine gold by obtaining a prospecting license. They will be issued to plots located in specially designated territories, which will be determined by local executive bodies together with territorial divisions of the Committee of Geology and Subsoil Use.

Placer deposits should be located in these areas, since the prospecting license will allow the extraction of gold, as well as other precious metals and stones, only in placers.

“Licenses will be issued for three years on a first-come, first-served basis. This principle means that a license is issued to the applicant whose application is submitted first among the submitted applications for the same site or part of it, and this application meets all formal requirements,” the department added.

At the same time, an application for a license can be submitted only by citizens of Kazakhstan who are individual entrepreneurs. Moreover, the rights under the license will be non-transferable, and only one license can be issued to one person.

“There are no special qualification criteria or requirements, since gold mining is a very difficult task. It will be necessary to fill out an application, attach documents confirming the applicant’s data, the availability of security for the fulfillment of the liquidation obligation (insurance, bank guarantee, cash on deposit), a list of one’s own machinery and equipment used in mining, a mining plan and the consent of a private landowner if the territory of the proposed mining falls on someone else’s land plot", the department stated.

However, there will reportedly be certain restrictions on miners that are necessary to “encourage miners to engage in legal and fair mining.”

“Restrictions relate to mechanization, the use of chemicals, explosives, the depth of work and the volume of gold recovered. In the draft code, the limit on the volume of extraction is set at 50 kg of gold per year (the cost of 1 gram of gold at the National Bank exchange rate as of October 10, 2017 is about 14.1 thousand tenge, therefore 50 kg costs 704.8 million tenge) “, - added to MIR RK.

As stated in the ministry, the general tax regime established for all individual entrepreneurs will be applied to miners.

In addition, the department explained that before obtaining a license, it is not expected to pay any payments to the state.

How to obtain a gold mining license?

However, after obtaining the license, it will be necessary to pay a special payment within the deadline established by tax legislation. The amount of such payment will depend on the area of ​​the subsoil plot.

The draft Code “On Subsoil and Subsoil Use”, together with the accompanying bill, is currently under consideration in the Mazhilis of Parliament.

The current version of the draft code provides for its entry into force at the beginning of 2018, and its entry into force on July 1, 2018. A six-month period, according to representatives of the Ministry of Investment and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, is necessary to create the appropriate infrastructure and reformat the work of responsible government bodies.

The Ministry of Investment and Development told LS about the features of a new type of subsoil use for Kazakhstan - artisanal mining.

It will now be possible to obtain permission to independently mine gold by obtaining a prospecting license. They will be issued to plots located in specially designated territories, which will be determined by local executive bodies together with territorial divisions of the Committee of Geology and Subsoil Use.

Placer deposits should be located in these areas, since the prospecting license will allow the extraction of gold, as well as other precious metals and stones, only in placers.

“Licenses will be issued for three years on a first-come, first-served basis. This principle means that a license is issued to the applicant whose application is submitted first among the submitted applications for the same site or part of it, and this application meets all formal requirements,” the department added.

At the same time, an application for a license can be submitted only by citizens of Kazakhstan who are individual entrepreneurs. Moreover, the rights under the license will be non-transferable, and only one license can be issued to one person.

“There are no special qualification criteria or requirements, since gold mining is a very difficult task. It will be necessary to fill out an application, attach documents confirming the applicant’s data, the availability of security for the fulfillment of the liquidation obligation (insurance, bank guarantee, funds on deposit), a list of one’s own machinery and equipment used in mining, a mining plan and the consent of the private landowner, if the territory of the proposed prospecting occurs on someone else’s land,” the department said.

However, there will reportedly be certain restrictions on miners that are necessary to “encourage miners to engage in legal and fair mining.”

“Restrictions relate to mechanization, the use of chemicals, explosives, the depth of work and the volume of gold recovered. In the draft code, the limit on the volume of extraction is set at 50 kg of gold per year (the cost of 1 gram of gold at the National Bank exchange rate as of October 10, 2017 is about 14.1 thousand.

Law on private gold mining

tenge, therefore 50 kg costs 704.8 million tenge),” added the MIR of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

As stated in the ministry, the general tax regime established for all individual entrepreneurs will be applied to miners.

In addition, the department explained that before obtaining a license, it is not expected to pay any payments to the state. However, after obtaining a license, it will be necessary to pay a special payment within the period established by tax legislation. The amount of such payment will depend on the area of ​​the subsoil plot.

The draft Code “On Subsoil and Subsoil Use”, together with the accompanying bill, is currently under consideration in the Mazhilis of Parliament.

The current version of the draft code provides for its entry into force at the beginning of 2018, and its entry into force on July 1, 2018. A six-month period, according to representatives of the Ministry of Investment and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, is necessary to create the appropriate infrastructure and reformat the work of responsible government bodies.

WHERE AND HOW TO SEARCH FOR GOLD NUGGETS

Rudolf Kavczyk

Local residents of gold-bearing regions of Russia often found large nuggets along river banks or during excavation work, but also when repairing mining equipment. For example, in the 80s, during the repair of a dredge, one of the largest nuggets in Russia was found. A young worker, recently returned from the army, checking the dredge conveyor belt at its very edge, where the rock goes into the dump, discovered a small cobblestone, trying to push it off the belt, he was surprised by its weight - as it turned out, almost 11 kg. The nugget is named "Apreleusius". The premium in those days for lifting gold was one ruble per gram of metal. The happy young man received a brand new Zhiguli from the state.

And such finds are not uncommon on the B. Dogaldyn River. There were nuggets of two, five, and even unique nuggets of 10,540 and 12,800 grams were found. At one of the mines in the Magadan region, when moving an industrial device to another site, a nugget of about 6 kg was lifted from under the device. Such a large nugget could not pass through the roar and was washed into the dump, where it lay all winter waiting for workers.

In 2000, on the left tributary of the B. Chanchik river, a nugget of 3.5 kg (3.1 chemical parts) was removed from the lock by the prospecting team "Ugryum Reka", Bodaibo. Industrial device roar 120 mm.

If you have the desire and a little luck, you can find a decent nugget.

Russia is one of the richest countries in the world with nuggets: the largest recorded nugget, the “Great Triangle,” weighs 36 kg; found big number nuggets weighing more than 10 kg; There are placers in which nuggets weighing about 100 g are considered ordinary, as well as placers where hundreds of nuggets weighing about 50 g were found.

In July 1997, the IRGIREDMET Institute under the leadership of B.K. Kavchik conducted the first scientific expedition in Russia to study deposits in large gold. The purpose of the expedition is to find out how many gold nuggets are lost during industrial mining and the possibility of their detection at waste sites. For this purpose, we used modern foreign metal detectors (metal detectors) capable of detecting nuggets smaller than a match head and weighing less than 180 mg.

Historical reference. They began searching for nuggets using metal detectors in Australia. In the 80s, using a simple device, the “Hand of Fate” nugget weighing 27 kg was found. This is where the “Electronic Gold Rush” began, sweeping across Australia and the United States. In Russia, searching for nuggets using metal detectors was an unexplored matter and very risky. It was not known in advance how the metal detectors at the test site would behave, or whether our calculations and assumptions about the number of nuggets were correct. We prepared for the expedition for 2 years. We selected equipment and looked for investors. And now, the hot summer of 97.

First day. The site was chosen on the Gatchinsky stream, Bodaibinsky district. The first department, according to instructions, provided us with a special iron container, exactly like a piggy bank with a small oblong hole and a serious seal. Such piggy banks are used by geologists when testing. They assigned the chief geologist to keep an eye on us so that the gold we found would not be stolen. Everyone treated our idea with distrust and ridicule, immediately dubbing our metal detectors “sticks.” We started working in the morning, as we were impatient to confirm our assumptions. The testing ground was a deep trench in a stream bed almost 30 meters deep. Multi-ton Belazs were crawling along the bottom of the trench, and somewhere at the end of this trench an excavator (EKG) was waving its iron paw, loading gold-bearing rock into the back of a dump truck. Humming strainedly and dousing us with black solar smoke, the Belaz crawled past us from the trenches up the mountain. There, half a kilometer away, there was a washing device, where the dump trucks with their cargo were heading. Having taken out the instruments, we began the search. Who will find the first nugget? But it was not there - a piece of copper wire, bronze shavings from a bulldozer roller, and where are the nuggets? Until lunchtime we still hadn’t found anything worthwhile. The geologist introduced to us chuckled and showed us the gold at the bottom of his wooden tray. But it was not the same gold, gold grains smaller than a match head were not interesting to us. Either everything or nothing. Disappointed, we trudged upstairs along the transported Lunch on liquid mud with the huge Belaz wheels. The mood was so-so and I didn’t feel like eating the miners’ standard dish of pasta and stew. The furry huskies sensed our lack of appetite and waited, fluffing their huge tails at the entrance to the dining room for their rightful rations. Everyone knew about the purpose of our visit and it seemed that even the fat dogs knew about the failure that befell us.

The midday heat and bad mood did not contribute to the desire to resume the search, but rather inclined to sleep. Having taken refuge from the scorching sun in the house, we again sat down to study the instructions for our devices, although we already knew them by heart. The locals no longer pestered us with questions about the capabilities of our devices, but told stories in the smoking room, hiding from us under a smoke screen. There was nothing to do, so we hobbled back to the training ground to knead the mud with our boots. The sun was already heading towards sunset, the horizon was painted with crimson rays. It will rain tomorrow. I remember well the moment when my friend silently approached and extended his palm on which the nugget lay. Before this, I had never seen nuggets and imagined them as shiny sparkling pieces of metal, but it was a pale brown, flat piece of something about the size of a three-kopeck coin that didn’t look like gold at all. Throwing it in the palm of our hand and feeling its weight, when weighed it turned out to be 17 grams. Much later we learned to determine the weight of the nugget by throwing it in the palm of our hands, but at that moment it seemed the heaviest and most beautiful. Here it is, our first nugget. The devices are working. … “Show me where you found it!”…. - Let's run to the place of discovery. The bare brush of bedrock was left untouched by the bulldozer and our firstborn was hiding there. Fortune seemed to be testing her patience and saved her find for the very end of the day. By dark, our pockets already contained several nuggets of various shapes. Not one of them could squeeze through the slot in the “piggy bank” given to us. The geologist who had been keeping an eye on us had long since left us and we were left to our own devices; there was no one to show us our findings.

Russians may receive the right to mine precious stones and metals in some deposits

It was pleasant to feel the heaviness in the breast pocket of the encephalid.

Laying out our spoils from our pockets onto the table of the artel chairman, we watched with glee the faces of the people around us. There was surprise and delight on their faces. Everyone sorted through and looked at the nuggets, tossing them into the palms of their hands. A scale appeared from somewhere. 47 grams per day for two, this is very good. The nuggets, of course, were immediately taken away and locked in a safe, with the corresponding paper drawn up. We sat on the veranda for a long time with the prospectors, telling tales and washing the first nuggets found by metal detectors. We spent 10 days visiting the prospectors; our catch amounted to 49 nuggets with a total weight of more than 300 grams. The largest nugget is 175 grams. We were taken to different sites, and there was not a single site where at least one or two nuggets were not found. As a result, it was concluded that it is advisable to use metal detectors for the extraction of nuggets both by single miners and when activating landfills. The extracted metal fully covered the cost of purchasing very expensive equipment and travel expenses.

In subsequent years, using modern equipment, during three short business trips totaling about 30 working days, 180 nuggets with a total mass of more than 1 kilogram were found. The largest nugget weighs 175 g, and the smallest 180 mg, but according to oral information, a nugget weighing more than 400 g has already been found using a metal detector. In 2000, a nugget weighing 319 g was found during sampling in the Bodaibinsky district.

Gold is found not only at landfills, but also at the sites of old villages. There is a legend that supposedly the production of the dredge passing through the former village of prospectors doubles. Based on this legend, we headed to a nearby abandoned village. On site, our attention was immediately drawn to the single stone foundation of the gold reception desk (ZPK). Our expectations were justified; in the corner a pouch with small nuggets, so-called cockroaches, with a total weight of 120 grams was found. Apparently the owner never had time to use his treasure. And no wonder, under Stalin the laws were harsh, God forbid anyone would be caught with gold, the article read: “A gram is a year.” Nowadays, laws have become softer, or rather not laws, but the optionality of their implementation. Free mining is prohibited, but anyone can enter into an agreement with the chairman of the artel for mining in mined-out areas. Payment is usually not lower than 50%, that is, 4-5 $ gram.

It is very interesting to look for nuggets in wild mountain streams where no human has gone before. This is not only an opportunity to earn money, but also a wonderful vacation. As you know, nuggets often accumulate in holes under waterfalls and boulders, forming nugget nests. Finding such a rich nugget nest is the dream of every prospector. Without a metal detector, it is almost impossible to find a nest with nuggets, since the size of the nests is small, a few meters. Using the old method, tray sampling, it is almost impossible to identify such nests due to the insignificant sample volume. Our great-grandfathers found such nests and legends about them continue to this day. For example, the legend about Demino gold, hidden somewhere in the Sayan Mountains. Demin, an escaped convict, hid from persecution for two years and paid off a pound of gold from the local police officer. If necessary, he went to the mountains for several days and returned with rich booty. After his death, many tried to find Deminsk gold, but to no avail. The map left to the sons was lost while trying to find the deposit. An unexpected downpour raised the level of mountain rivers, the sons forcibly saved their lives and no longer attempted to find their father's treasure.

A metal detector makes it easier to find a nugget nest. In 1998, we found a rich site in the area of ​​the Kedrovka River (Taksimo, Buryatia). The site is located at the foot of a steep slope at the very end of the valley and has a size of 10x7 meters. In one evening, 18 nuggets with a total weight of almost 120 grams were picked up with a metal detector.

Russia's wealth in gold, the poor quality of alluvial deposits, vast unexplored territories, and the use of predominantly small-volume samples during exploratory sampling that do not reveal large gold are favorable factors for the successful search for nuggets in our country.

Video film about searching for gold

The film is about the search for gold nuggets and gold mining. How to look for and find gold in a river with a metal detector. Where to look for gold in Russia. Is it possible for individuals to mine gold with their own hands? Legislation and prospectors. Can prospectors mine gold? How much gold does a prospector extract using a metal detector? How to find gold nuggets. Metal detector for searching for gold nuggets. The film was shot in Bodaibo, Irkutsk region. Authors Rudolf Kavchik and Dmitry Slobodchikov.

To be continued.

Answer to a question asked to the Minister of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, Yuri Petrovich Trutnev.

Question: “When will gold mining be allowed for individuals? And is it necessary to license this activity, because apart from additional red tape this will not give anything, and who would want to go from a remote taiga village to the regional center to draw up a bunch of unnecessary papers (license, registration of a legal entity , obtaining bank registration)? In addition, the license implies a certain area of ​​​​work, and individuals work where the artel will not work and it is not profitable for them. And such places are scattered over a vast territory you cannot indicate everyone in the license. it turns out a piece of paper that no one needs, which will have to be issued for each stream separately. After all, it is clear that they will issue a piece of paper for the mine dump, and they will carry gold from the taiga. And who needs this?

Is gold mining allowed in Russia by private individuals?

Isn’t it easier to approve official places for buying gold from individuals (and the same gold collection offices of miners’ artels or something else) and keep them here? income tax, and punish only for sales in an unspecified place. "

Answer: "Limitation of the possibility of mining precious metals and precious stones individuals established by the Federal Law “On Precious Metals and Precious Stones”. In the period from 2000 to 2004, the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation considered several legislative initiatives aimed at removing the restrictions in question regarding individuals, which were not supported due to the fact that they did not contain a comprehensive solution to all the problems existing in this regard.

The main legislative act of the Russian Federation regulating issues of subsoil use is the Law of the Russian Federation “On Subsoil”, the main principles of which, among other things, are the mandatory state accounting, management and control over the implementation of subsoil use, as well as government system licensing of subsoil use. Accordingly, if appropriate changes are made to the Federal Law “On Precious Metals and Precious Stones” regarding the provision of subsoil plots for gold mining to individuals, the general procedure established by the Law of the Russian Federation “On Subsoil”, namely the rights to use such subsoil plots, will have to be applied will be provided based on the results of auctions or competitions for specific subsoil areas.

The proposed introduction of the possibility of purchasing from individuals gold mined by them without any title documents will lead to the situation that has developed in relation to the purchase of scrap ferrous and non-ferrous metals. At the same time, it will be impossible to assess where gold was mined and donated by individuals, and situations are possible when gold that was illegally mined in subsoil areas, the right to use which belongs to legal subsoil users, will be donated."

You cannot enter territories with reserves suitable for industrial development. Licenses are given only for searching in the dumps of former industries, or for developing unpromising areas. Another snag is the ban on the use of heavy equipment, such as bulldozers. A license for gold mining to a private individual is given under the conditions of his use of hand tools. You won’t be able to extract much valuable metal from technogenic placers like this. Price of a gold mining license The cost of a gold mining license depends on the route to obtaining it. There are a number of law firms that undertake to draw up papers for an amount from 100,000 to 200,000 thousand rubles.

The customer only pays. Hired persons fill out the documents and knock on the necessary thresholds. At the same time, they promise to get a perpetual license, and not a permit for a couple of decades. Advertisements “I’ll buy a gold mining license” are not uncommon.

Gold mining license

• MET.

1. Placers.
2. Processing of secondary raw materials.
3. Handicraft methods.
4. Mining.

Read also

Gold has always remained one of the most expensive metals. Although the days of the universal gold standard are in the past, investors still buy gold, especially during financial crises.

Who benefits from the world economic crises? Of course, gold miners! Gold mining companies experience the greatest booms during such periods; excess profits allow them to update production, introduce the latest technologies, buy up assets and increase productivity.

Gold mining companies in Russia are no exception to the global trend, therefore, like throughout the world, the Russian gold industry has shown trends towards unification and consolidation. As a result, the gold mining industry and the gold market are represented mainly by large gold mining conglomerates. They will be discussed below.

OJSC "Polyus Gold"

The leader of the gold mining industry in Russia and one of the world's largest miners, the gold mining company Polyus Gold develops alluvial and ore deposits in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Olympiadinskoye, Titimukhta, Blagodatnoe deposits), Irkutsk (Verninskoye and Chertovo Koryto, Zapadnoe, deposits in the Vitim River basin area), Magadan (mainly Natalka) and Amur regions.

OJSC Polyus Gold, according to the latest data, has reserves of around 3,500 tons (B+C1+C2). Due to the fact that the number of explored deposits is growing, the gold mining company Polyus is constantly updating vacancies, especially many open vacancies in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Magadan and Irkutsk regions. Moreover, OJSC gold mining company Polyus Gold does not plan to slow down the pace of its development, which means that the positive dynamics in the company will continue for a long period.

In 2011, Polyus Gold produced 1,386 thousand troy ounces of gold, which is still the undisputed leader in the industry.

OJSC "Severstal"

The largest metallurgical company in Russia, the main activity of which is the extraction, processing and sale of raw materials for ferrous metallurgy. The company's steel production volumes are truly impressive - more than 15 million.

Gold mining by individual entrepreneurs: myths and reality

tons of steel (data for 2011). At the moment, Severstal enterprises are located in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Italy, France, the USA, Great Britain and Africa, and they employ more than 70 thousand people.

But what is interesting to us is that Severstal is actively developing its gold mining segment, and today Severstal includes the following gold mining companies - Buryat Zoloto, Nord Gold, as well as the Northern Gold Mining Company and Celtic Resources. Moreover, the company’s management does not want to stop there, and apparently intends to further expand its gold mining segment, acquiring assets in Russia, Kazakhstan and West Africa - in the past two years alone, the company has acquired a number of operating mines and a controlling stake in High River Gold.

Thanks to the active purchase of gold mining assets, Severstal managed to take 2nd place in terms of production volumes in 2011, producing 589 thousand troy ounces of gold. Well, we wish Severstal to grow the same way the gold rate is growing today and in the long term.

Kinross Gold

Gold mining companies in Yakutia, for the most part, belong to this Canadian conglomerate, which ranks 6th in the world in gold mining. Over the past year, Kinross Gold extracted 554 thousand troy ounces of gold from Russian mineral resources.

The deposits are concentrated mainly in Chukotka and the Magadan region, one of the largest is Kupol, whose gold reserves exceed 400 tons.

Group of companies "Petropavlovsk"

Gold mining enterprises in Russia are increasingly beginning to develop deposits in the Amur region.

One of the leaders in this area is the Petropavlovsk Group of Companies, whose assets are located in the Amur Region, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Jewish Autonomous Region. It should be noted that the group includes not only gold mining enterprises, but also metallurgical, construction, design and scientific structures.

As noted on the official website of the Petropavlovsk Group of Companies, after registration at the London stock exchange in the early 2000s, the gold mining enterprise of the industrial group was confidently increasing its turnover. For example, in 2011, more than 500 thousand troy ounces of gold were produced, which allowed it to continue to remain among the top three leaders in this industry.

JSC "Polymetal"

Shares of gold mining companies of the Polymetal group have increased significantly in price over the past year due to the fact that the company has become fourth in the world in silver mining. The core of the group is formed by gold mining companies of the Krasnoyarsk Territory; in addition to them, the mines of the Magadan Region and Kazakhstan make up a significant share.

The entire complex for putting new fields into operation is carried out by the company independently, starting from geological exploration and ending with the construction of technical structures. The corporation's total gold reserves are approaching 600 tons.

Last year's production volume amounted to more than 440 thousand troy ounces of gold.

OJSC "Yuzhuralzoloto"

The gold mining company Zolotaya Zvezda and Yuzhuralzoloto form OJSC YuGK, one of the largest Russian enterprises in the industry. All the company's assets are concentrated within the Russian Federation - these are deposits in the Chelyabinsk region, the Republic of Khakassia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Gold ore mining is carried out both open-pit, i.e. quarry and closed mine method. Total gold reserves reach 250 tons.

In general, in recent years the company's shares have shown stable growth; the policy pursued by the company suggests that such trends will continue in the future. Over the past year, JSC "UGK" produced more than 200 thousand troy ounces.

OJSC "Vysochaishy" (GV Gold)

OJSC “Vysochaishy” is also one of the industry leaders and is one of the ten largest Russian companies. All geological exploration and production activities are carried out in the Irkutsk region and Yakutia - the company has an area of ​​over 600 square meters. km.

This gold mining company is opening a large number of various types of vacancies, because in several years Vysochaishy plans to increase production volumes to 16 tons/year. In addition, the company purchased the latest Japanese equipment, which will reduce the cost of mining the yellow metal, and perhaps become a leader in this indicator.

It is interesting that “Vysochaishy” operates its own licensed Training and Course Plant, where personnel are trained in more than 20 specialties, so the company itself “forges” the professionals of the required sharpening. By the way, regarding the “necessary sharpening” - if you pay attention to the VTB 24 bank whose deposits are very diverse, you will definitely find something that suits you!

Gold production volumes amounted to about 125 thousand troy ounces in 2011.

Highland Gold Mining Limited (HRGM)

This is a Bashkir gold mining company, which, however, has its head office in Canada, which is due to the fact that this is where the mined gold is mainly supplied. Gold mining companies such as HRGM have long ceased to be the property of one state; at the present time, the market is ruled by multinational conglomerates.

Large scale will allow the company to be more competitive and introduce expensive innovative technologies earlier. The total proven reserves of gold in the territory of the company's mines are about 300 tons.

You cannot enter territories with reserves suitable for industrial development. Licenses are given only for searching in the dumps of former industries, or for developing unpromising areas. Another snag is the ban on the use of heavy equipment, such as bulldozers. A license for gold mining to a private individual is given under the conditions of his use of hand tools. You won’t be able to extract much valuable metal from technogenic placers like this. Price of a gold mining license The cost of a gold mining license depends on the route to obtaining it. There are a number of law firms that undertake to draw up papers for an amount from 100,000 to 200,000 thousand rubles. The customer only pays. Hired persons fill out the documents and knock on the necessary thresholds. At the same time, they promise to get a perpetual license, and not a permit for a couple of decades. Advertisements “I’ll buy a gold mining license” are not uncommon.

Gold mining license

• metal must be obtained only by the surface method;
• It is prohibited to use explosives in work;
• You can use a layer of earth up to five meters deep.

Today, gold mining in Russia by private individuals (a license will avoid problems with the law) can result in a fine of several thousand rubles.

Attention: In this case, the miner will also be left without tools purchased specifically for obtaining precious metal. And if it turns out that the suspect has gold worth more than one million rubles, there is also criminal liability.

How to get a gold mining license

Info Until recent years, the law openly stood on the side of large companies. Reasons for the continued work of private gold miners However, technical and legal restrictions could not and cannot stop private gold miners. Firstly, not all deposits are suitable for industrial development.

Law on private gold mining in Kazakhstan and Russia. With comments.

Some of them are simply unprofitable - their cost due to relief, geographical and economic conditions is higher than the cost of the production obtained. Large enterprises will not deal with gold in this case.

Gold mining in Russia by individuals in small shares is more relevant than large-scale mining. There are many deposits with a small concentration of precious metal; the state not only cannot control them, but sometimes it is not even able to register them.

At the beginning of the 21st century, small deposits of gold are being discovered even in regions that have never panned for gold.

Is gold mining allowed in Russia by private individuals?

Important: Every square kilometer is paid.

• MET.
• How gold is mined In addition to ore, there are several other methods of gold mining:

1. Placers.
2. Processing of secondary raw materials.
3. Handicraft methods.
4. Mining.

The latter method is the most popular and effective. Gold occurs in quartz veins. In this case, it is mined along with him.

The second most popular method is artisanal. It requires expensive equipment. It includes a number of other methods, for example, washing, cyanidation and amalgamation.

Note! Greater profits from gold mining can only be obtained with good investment. Private activity brings in little money, and the license is issued for 5 years.

Mining without it is criminally punishable.

Rules for obtaining a gold mining license

This Federal body has a representative office in each region, therefore, a trip to the capital to obtain a permit document does not seem advisable. In some cases (for example, when the right to develop a deposit of special status is issued), the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources is involved in the process.

This government structure conducts auctions and competitions. The largest gold deposit today is Sukhoi Log; the right to gold mining here will cost tens of billions of rubles.

To obtain a license, you should contact Rosnedr. Cases that do not require obtaining a license. Purchasing a license is not necessary if an entrepreneur acquires an enterprise with all permits. In a number of situations, it is not necessary to obtain a license and go through a lengthy procedure of competitions and auctions.
The procedure for handing over the mined precious metal will be determined after the legislative and regulatory act is approved at the federal level. Later, on the ground, government officials will be able to make the necessary changes to regional legislation.
In conclusion, with the adoption of the law, Russia can be ranked among the leading countries where not only the industrial production of precious metals is developed, but also gold mining (in Russia, i.e. on the territory) by individuals. The growth of gold mining is possible, but not only because of the large deposits of the precious metal, but also because fresh gold deposits are being steadily studied in Russia, the latest technologies are emerging, and the needs of individual entrepreneurs and small organizations are being taken into account.

Read also

• Liability of LLC founders for debts.

Nuances of gold mining in Russia

The state included additional payments for gold miners and gave them the right to develop the richest gold mines. To intensify labor, they distributed housing, vouchers to sanatoriums, etc. Before the Great Patriotic War, every resident of the country over 18 years of age who had not previously received a criminal punishment had the right to work as a miner. The number of gold miners operating separately or in non-governmental organizations reached 120 thousand. The resulting gold was handed over to countless specialized points. Gold mining in Russia at mines by private individuals, their discovery has brought significant benefits. Then the deposits became state owned. The precious metal in Russia was mainly obtained in the east: in the Urals, in Siberia, where the Bolsheviks did not immediately find themselves after the revolution. Gold mining enterprises found themselves in the hands of one political force, then another.

The Ministry of Investment and Development told LS about the features of a new type of subsoil use for Kazakhstan - artisanal mining.

It will now be possible to obtain permission to independently mine gold by obtaining a prospecting license. They will be issued to plots located in specially designated territories, which will be determined by local executive bodies together with territorial divisions of the Committee of Geology and Subsoil Use.

Placer deposits should be located in these areas, since the prospecting license will allow the extraction of gold, as well as other precious metals and stones, only in placers.

“Licenses will be issued for three years on a first-come, first-served basis. This principle means that a license is issued to the applicant whose application is submitted first among the submitted applications for the same site or part of it, and this application meets all formal requirements,” the department added.

At the same time, an application for a license can be submitted only by citizens of Kazakhstan who are individual entrepreneurs. Moreover, the rights under the license will be non-transferable, and only one license can be issued to one person.

“There are no special qualification criteria or requirements, since gold mining is a very difficult task.

Is gold mining allowed in Russia by private individuals?

It will be necessary to fill out an application, attach documents confirming the applicant’s data, the availability of security for the fulfillment of the liquidation obligation (insurance, bank guarantee, funds on deposit), a list of one’s own machinery and equipment used in mining, a mining plan and the consent of the private landowner, if the territory of the proposed prospecting occurs on someone else’s land,” the department said.

However, there will reportedly be certain restrictions on miners that are necessary to “encourage miners to engage in legal and fair mining.”

“Restrictions relate to mechanization, the use of chemicals, explosives, the depth of work and the volume of gold recovered. In the draft code, the limit on the volume of extraction is set at 50 kg of gold per year (the cost of 1 gram of gold at the National Bank exchange rate as of October 10, 2017 is about 14.1 thousand tenge, therefore 50 kg costs 704.8 million tenge) “, - added to MIR RK.

As stated in the ministry, the general tax regime established for all individual entrepreneurs will be applied to miners.

In addition, the department explained that before obtaining a license, it is not expected to pay any payments to the state. However, after obtaining a license, it will be necessary to pay a special payment within the period established by tax legislation. The amount of such payment will depend on the area of ​​the subsoil plot.

The draft Code “On Subsoil and Subsoil Use”, together with the accompanying bill, is currently under consideration in the Mazhilis of Parliament.

The current version of the draft code provides for its entry into force at the beginning of 2018, and its entry into force on July 1, 2018. A six-month period, according to representatives of the Ministry of Investment and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, is necessary to create the appropriate infrastructure and reformat the work of responsible government bodies.

In our country there are a lot of small gold placers, the mining of which using existing industrial technologies is, in most cases, economically unprofitable. Large gold mining enterprises are practically not interested in placer deposits with reserves of less than 100 and even 200 kg, since they know well the cost of developing a new deposit. Mining small placers by small crews extracting tens of kilograms of gold per year is most often unprofitable. The salary in such artels is usually less than 10 thousand rubles. per month, no profit. Many artels cannot repay loans to banks; they have nothing to pay taxes from. Naturally, they do not carry out reclamation of disturbed lands and leave behind joyless pits and dumps. As a result, small deposits currently generate almost no income for the state and do not provide decent wages to workers.
Meanwhile, even the smallest placers with reserves of less than 50 kg and even no reserves at all can bring high profits, provide employment to the population and provide a noticeable replenishment of regional budgets. Profitable technology for developing small deposits has been well developed abroad. They effectively use placers that have incomparably worse characteristics than our Russian ones.

We have collected materials on foreign experience, and we are confident that it can be useful in our country. With us, it is also possible to receive high profits from small deposits rather than losses.

The economic essence of foreign experience is to increase the value of gold by attracting tourists to mine gold. The owner of the deposit charges a fee for work on his site and provides tourists with a variety of paid services. The benefit of this is the following. Each tourist brings with him several thousand dollars, which settle in the area, and takes with him an average of 1 g of gold. Thus, every gram of gold brings more than $1,000 to the area. At the same time, the smallest deposit turns out to be profitable, can be mined for decades, provides income to the owner and stable revenues to the budget.

In America, Australia, Switzerland, Italy, and many other countries, tourism with gold mining provides employment to the local population in the service sector, good trade turnover, and contributes to the construction of hotels, roads, and landscaping. In addition, enterprises are developing that produce equipment for tourist gold mining (mini-drags, mini-devices, metal detectors, etc.), which provide additional jobs and taxes.

For example, in little Switzerland there is native and placer gold. Let us go there, we would have dug up all the gold in a year. The Swiss do not want to spoil their nature with industrial mining and protect their gold. It is mined only by amateurs and tourists. All conditions have been created for them: pay money and mine gold for your pleasure, you can take part in the competition and receive a “gold digger certificate”. By the way, their gold is small and most tourists only manage to “get” a few tokens. Sometimes, however, there are wonderful finds that serve as excellent advertising to attract tourists.

Tourist gold mining is organized in different ways. For example, in Australia they invite wealthy tourists from the USA and Japan to play gold miners. They are provided with metal detectors and other equipment, and are given a rental car. To mine gold you need to buy a license, which can be lifetime for $50. Mined gold and its export are not subject to taxes and duties. French journalist V. Crespin, who visited Australia, writes: “When we first visited one of these fields, we were left with a painful impression. Thousands of people scurried about on miserable patches of land in a real desert..... The heat was unbearable. The soil became hot and burned my feet even through my shoes; I could hardly stand it. And yet the time of “hunting” for gold flies by. Only by chance, taking my eyes off the ground, I saw the already setting sun.”

In Australia, you can also search for gold in rivers by buying a map or hiring a guide.

Elsewhere, a more organized form of tourism is offered. The Gold Mining Club (USA) reports:
“We have over 2,000 acres of land on tributaries of the Pera River. We also have 400 acres on the Quartz Plateau in Arizona. Membership in our club allows you, your spouse and children to enjoy our open spaces. We provide free parking on our lands for up to 30 days. Club members have the right to mine gold on all lands. We found a nugget weighing 210 g. We allow you to work with mini-dredges, coastal mini-instruments, sluices, and chutes. We conduct training programs for beginners. The total cost of membership is $800, the price for a group of ten or more people at one time is $700, reconnaissance training is $50 (for a club member - $45), minidrag training is $50, etc.” Here is the money! We have already said how much gold a tourist will extract.

Tourism abroad brings life to areas where industrial gold mining has already ceased. In Alaska, known to us from the stories of Jack London, the “golden chronicle” of the legendary region continues to this day. Tourism ranks first in Dawson's economy. It was in this city that the main events developed at the beginning of the last century. In 1966, the last major gold mining company left Dawson. However, several dozen small gold mining companies, including family-owned ones, continue to operate here. One of the hereditary gold miners owns three small gold mines and several hundred acres of land on the banks of streams flowing into the Klondike. He leases these areas to gold miners of the 21st century. There are still many who want to test Fate and themselves.
As can be seen from the examples given, tourist development of deposits is very profitable and allows not only to generate income, but in some cases to solve social problems in areas with a depleted raw material base.

In Russia, gold mining tourism is not yet developed at all, although here it could provide jobs and profits in many regions. Our country is rich in gold. Its industrial production is carried out in 30 constituent entities of the federation, and non-industrial facilities are located almost everywhere, even near Moscow. Many deposits are located in beautiful places and contain easily extracted placer gold that is attractive to tourists. In Altai, Buryatia, Magadan Region, Primorye, Khabarovsk Territory, Kamchatka - everywhere it is possible to allocate territories for tourism with gold mining. In addition, we have many areas where industrial gold mining has ceased, and the population is left without work and, in fact, begging. Gold tourism could be a source of income for areas like Dawson.

You especially need to pay attention to the Bama zone. Since the 80s, there have been many half-empty villages here, where the population does not know what to do with themselves. The areas are predominantly subsidized and have no prospects for development. The waste dumps and small non-industrial placers along the Bama highway could become truly golden if they are used to attract foreign tourists. Our dumps are incomparably richer than in other countries. In 2001, we assessed several properties in the Taximo area. At the same time, with the help of amateur instruments, several dozen nuggets were found within a week, and on one of the waste streams, gold pieces were collected without instruments, by hand.

Today tourists go for gold to Alaska, Australia, Switzerland and leave their money there. The Bama zone can also become an excellent tourist area due to the remains of alluvial deposits.

If we compare the income from tourism and industrial mining of small placers, the difference is huge.

Obtaining a mining license

With industrial mining, a small placer with 20 kg reserves can yield an income of $240 thousand (based on $12 per gram). Mining the same placer by tourists will generate an income of $20 million (based on $1000 per gram). Of course, not all $20 million will be received by the owner of the field; the money will be distributed among everyone who will serve tourists, but by and large this does not matter. The money will remain in the country and regions, and our people will get jobs and salaries.

The development of gold mining tourism today is hampered by Russian legislation that prohibits gold mining for private individuals. Because of this, instead of profitable tourism, we have developed illegal mining. Using the most primitive equipment, our people earn their living by selling gold to buyers for $3-4 per gram or exchanging it for vodka. Illegal gold miners are called “predators”, although in fact they are hard workers who make money with their own hands, not through fraud or bribes. They don't pay taxes, but what has the government done to enable them to pay them?

The main opponents of free gold mining are representatives of mining cooperatives, who believe that this will lead to the theft of gold from them. However, the problem can be easily solved by allocating territories for tourist mining where industrial gold mining is not carried out. You can also become more familiar with the experience of Australia, where industrial enterprises happily cooperate with tourists, allowing them to rummage through dumps.

The technology of developing small deposits with the attraction of tourists is completely new for us. However Foreign experience testifies to its high efficiency and comparative simplicity. There are more facilities for tourist gold mining in our country than anywhere else in the world. It's up to our legislation.

B.K. Kavchik, Ph.D., expert of the Russian Federation - JSC "Irgiredmet", May 2004.

Video film about gold mining on your own, by free miners

This film is about gold and artisanal gold mining. How free miners mine gold. Where is gold mined, and what equipment is used to mine and search for gold. The gold washing technology is shown. Film 5th in the series - for gold, technologies and equipment for private gold mining. Author of the film Rudolf Kavchik, Ust-Kamenogorsk, 2010.

Gold mining license

Gold mining license in Russia it is issued only to legal entities. Individuals are prohibited from extracting metal from the subsoil. This is stated in Article 191 of the country’s Criminal Code.

Assembling a team to mine gold

Before receiving the document, you need to register an LLC or OJSC.

This is how articles devoted to gold mining in the country began until 2016. Now, individual entrepreneurs can also extract metal from the subsoil. Changes were made to the subsoil legislation at the initiative of Dmitry Medvedev.

The impetus for the amendments was the plight of the residents of Chukotka. The fishery that fed many people turned out to be inaccessible. There are only a few large organizations, and ordinary citizens of the region, that is, the majority, need to survive. The ban has been lifted. All that remains is to figure out who to contact in order to obtain licenses for gold mining.

Who issues a license for gold mining

The subsoil from which metal is extracted by organizations, private companies, or state-owned companies. Therefore, the issuance of licenses for land use is entrusted to the federal body - Rosnedra.

It has regional offices and authorized assistants, for example, Tsentrsibnedra. This geology and licensing department deals with the documentation of Buryatzoloto.

Sometimes the country's Ministry of Nature gets involved. It is responsible for auctions for the right to develop particularly important deposits. So, in 2016, the Ministry of Natural Resources will decide the fate of Sukhoi Log. The largest gold deposits in Russia were discovered in the Bodaibinsky district of the Irkutsk region.

The corporations Druza, Rostec, and Vysochaishy volunteered to participate in the auction. For foreign companies(even partially) The Ministry of Nature has closed access to trading. Their starting amount is 5 billion rubles.

The standard fee for a license obtained from Rosnedra is significantly less. But more on this in the chapter on prices. In the meantime, let’s find out how to get around getting permission from the party.

Don't think about obtaining a gold mining license You can buy a company that already has all the necessary paperwork. For example, an enterprise for the extraction of precious metals and sands is for sale.

The enrichment plant, where valuable material is selected and primary processing is carried out, has already been built.

The license was issued to the organization until 2020. All that remains is to take over the business. Renewing a permit is usually easier than getting one for the first time. One of the snags is that geological information about the subsoil site must undergo state verification. Experts will evaluate the reserves. The papers will not be issued until their verdict.

Some businessmen do not buy existing enterprises, but start by concluding agreements with their owners. The papers allow the development of part or the entire territory of the deposit. At the same time, the license to conduct gold mining remains with the owner of the mine.

Concluding agreements with other legal entities and transferring to them powers to develop subsoil resources are not prohibited by law. The relationship is official and, most importantly, low-budget.

Two parties find each other, as a rule, through advertisements like: “I’ll rent a plot at gold mining" and "Gold mining business for rent."

For how long is a gold mining license issued?

Where to get a gold mining license, found out. Now let’s figure out how long it’s worth asking for paper. If the plans are only for production, the permit cannot be valid for more than 20 years.

If the extraction of metal from the subsoil is combined with their geological study, a license is issued for a maximum of 25 years. Accordingly, the papers are valid for 5 years only for geological exploration activities.

This is the rule for legal entities. License for private gold mining issued for a period of up to 5 years. Imposed on individuals

restrictions on site selection. You cannot enter territories with reserves suitable for industrial development.

Licenses are given only for searching in the dumps of former industries, or for developing unpromising areas. Another snag is the ban on the use of heavy equipment, such as bulldozers.

License for gold mining for a private person is given on the terms of his use of hand tools. You won’t be able to extract much valuable metal from technogenic placers like this.

Gold mining license price

Cost of a gold mining license depends on how you get it. There are a number of law firms that undertake to draw up papers for an amount from 100,000 to 200,000 thousand rubles.

The customer only pays. Hired persons fill out the documents and knock on the necessary thresholds. At the same time, they promise to get a perpetual license, and not a permit for a couple of decades.

Ads " I will buy a license for gold mining" - Not unusual. Investments in industrial developments, on average, amount to 10-100,000,000 rubles. This is in the case of placers.

If mining is carried out from ore, 15-20,000,000 will be required, and not just rudders, but dollars. Compared to these amounts, 100-200,000 does not seem like a lot of money. At the same time, businessmen save themselves from the hassle of paperwork.

Another question, how much does a gold mining license cost? in case of its independent registration. The state duty is only 7,500 rubles. For re-issuance of paperwork they will charge 10 times less.

They ask for the same amount for a duplicate confirming the presence of a state permit to use subsoil. A license renewal also costs 750 rubles. The information is posted on the website of the Department of Subsoil Use of the Central Federal District.

How to get a gold mining license everyone decides for themselves. Minimum costs, as a rule, accompany organizations that received papers on a competitive basis. A competition is an alternative to the same auction. At the latter, the stakes are raised.

The contestants fight not so much for money, but for their readiness to fulfill the conditions of the customer, that is, the state. As a rule, it offers a limited list of deposits.

Most of them require additional geological exploration. The investor is obligated to carry it out, setting a tight deadline. If possible, you can save a lot on obtaining a license.

Despite the different ways to obtain a license, experts talk about 15-20 tons of illegal gold mining annually. Small miners, as a rule, bypass the law.

Previously, they were prohibited from working in principle. Now, they have allowed to use the subsoil, but under conditions that do not suit the majority of private owners. The legislation is imperfect, but gold reserves in Russia can be called such.

Herodotus also wrote about the abundance of precious metal in the country. 15 centuries have passed since the 5th century, hundreds of new deposits have been discovered. They cannot help but attract treasure hunters. As a result, the volume of illegally mined gold accounts for more than 10% of total production.

The ban on private gold prospecting in Russia lasted for almost a century. Trust the subsoil only large organizations decided during the Soviet era. After the collapse of the union, they started talking about lifting restrictions only in the 2000s.

The practice of interaction between the state and private miners outside the framework of the Criminal Code has been lost. It is necessary not only to issue licenses, but also to restore ties and trust between the federal apparatus and mere mortals.

Peter the Great once trusted them and was right. Most of the large deposits of Tsarist Russia were discovered by those who today are commonly called individuals.

Category: Finance

Similar articles:

How to buy currency on the Moscow Exchange online for an individual. Buying and selling currency.

How to register with the Pension Fund of Russia ( pension fund Russia) - as an employer, list of documents, individual, in 2018, legal entity

How to create Personal Area in a pension fund for an individual

How to get a gold mining license

Gold mining in Russia by individuals. How to obtain a gold mining license? .