The country's GDP is $200 billion. The main one. For part-time students
Federal Agency for Education
State educational institution of higher professional education
"Ufa State Aviation Technical University"
Institute of economics and management
TEST
in the discipline "Economic theory"
Option 1
(extramural)
Completed by: INEK student
gr. E-209 Asadullina G.N.
Checked by: Maryina A.V.
1. The concept of the national economy
The national economy is a historically established system of social reproduction of the country, an interconnected system of industries and types of production, covering the forms of social labor existing in the national economy. The national economy consists of a number of large areas: material and non-material production, non-production sphere.
The most important component of the national economy is material production, in which the means of production and consumer goods necessary for the life and development of society are created. Material production includes such branches as industry, agriculture, construction, transport, trade, communications. The largest branch of material production is industry, which consists of two groups of industries - mining and manufacturing.
The national economy is the object of study of various economic sciences. Thus, economic relations and patterns of development in its individual sectors are studied by such disciplines as the economics of industry, construction, agriculture, etc.
The basis of the national economy is formed by enterprises, firms, organizations, households, united by economic relations into a single whole, performing certain functions in the social division of labor, producing goods or services.
2. Structure of the national economy
The structure of the national economy is a stable quantitative relationship between its constituent parts. There are reproductive, social, territorial structures and infrastructure of the national economy.
The reproductive structure reflects its division into the most massive types of economic entities that reproduce themselves and, as a result of their activities, reproduce the flows of goods and services between them. In the economy of each country, three large interconnected groups of the reproductive structure can be distinguished: households, enterprises (entrepreneurial business), and the state.
A special place in the reproductive structure is occupied by the household. It is an important area of the national economy, where a significant part of the national income is consumed, huge amounts of money are accumulated. This group is the main supplier of labor resources.
The social structure of the national economy means dividing it into sectors - sets of socio-economic units united by certain socio-economic relations. The national economy can be divided into similar sectors according to groups of enterprises, population, types of work and other characteristics.
The sectoral structure presupposes the division of the national economy into sectors - qualitatively homogeneous groups of economic units that perform the same functions in terms of socio-economic content in the process of social reproduction. In the sectoral structure, large national economic sectors are distinguished (industry, agriculture, science, etc., each of which has sub-sectors). The sectoral structure plays an important role in the national economy, as it is in the sectoral "section" that planning and forecasting are carried out, and statistical data are taken into account.
The territorial structure is determined by the distribution of productive forces on the territory of the country and means the division of the national economy into economic regions. Infrastructure includes industries serving production. These include highways and railways, energy, water and gas supply, communications and other industries.
The structure of foreign trade is characterized by the ratio of various commodity groups in exports and imports.
The structure of any national economy tends to become more complex under the influence of scientific and technical progress, the expansion and deepening of the division of labor, the specialization of production, the emergence of new types of production and the death of old ones, as well as other factors.
3. Problems of the national economy
The development of the national economy brings to life a whole range of problems. These are the balance of the economic development of the national economy, the improvement of the structure of the latter, the increase in its efficiency, the acceleration of the pace and ways of economic growth, the balance and stability. One of the main problems of macroeconomics at the present stage is the achievement and maintenance of macroeconomic equilibrium, periodic deviations from which indicate the presence of "diseases" in the market economy system. The most important manifestations of economic instability, "diseases" of the market economy are cyclicality, unemployment and inflation.
The balance of the national economy means the correspondence between interrelated industries, between the volumes of products produced and the needs for them. Proportionality is the basis of balance. Balance and proportionality in reality are usually unstable and constantly violated. For example, economic growth leads to the establishment of new proportions and a new balance. Since there is no complete correspondence between sectors in real life, there is a constant need to maintain balance by adjusting the proportions between individual sectors of the economy, as well as within them. In material production, for this it is necessary, first of all, to ensure the correspondence between the first and second subdivisions, i.e. between the production of means of production and consumer goods. If this correspondence is violated, then Department I will not be able to provide both departments with means of production, and Department II will not be able to provide the employed and additionally attracted workers of both departments with consumer goods.
Abrupt changes in the structure of the national economy can lead to deep and rather acute consequences, covering both national and international economic relations.
Structural crises are manifested in a change not in the general economic situation, but in some individual sectors or sectors of the economy. Structural crises often affect many sectors of the economy and even many areas of the world economy.
Under certain conditions, structural crises can have a profound impact on economic development for quite a long time.
Countries with economies in transition at the very beginning of transformations are faced with the problem of suppressing (in a number of countries, preventing) high inflation. An indicator of the success of stabilization measures in this area is considered to be a decrease in the annual increase in the consumer price index by 30% or less.
4. Main indicators of the national economy and methods for their calculation
1. gross domestic product (GDP);
2. gross national product (GNP);
3. net domestic product (NDP);
4. domestic income (ID);
5. personal income of citizens (PD).
Currently, the main indicator of national production in most countries of the world is GDP.
Gross domestic product expresses the total value of final goods and services created within a country, regardless of the nationality of the factors of production used in production.
Gross domestic product is calculated using three methods:
1. by income: the income of the population, corporations, interest on savings, state income from entrepreneurial activity, as well as in the form of taxes on production and imports, depreciation deductions are summed up;
2. by expenditures: consumer spending by households, investment spending by firms, government spending on the purchase of goods, services and investments, and the balance of foreign trade are summed up;
3. by the amount of output: only the value added by each firm is summed up.
When calculating GDP by the amount of output, in order to avoid double counting, only the value of goods and services that are used for final consumption and not used for further processing is taken into account. Value added refers only to that part of the value of a product or service that is created at a given enterprise.
Distinguish between nominal and real GDP.
Nominal GDP is the volume of goods and services produced at current prices in a given year.
Real GDP is GDP measured in base year prices. The base year is the year from which the measurement begins or against which the GDP is compared.
To bring nominal GDP to its real value, two indices are used: the consumer price index (CPI) and the GDP deflator.
The consumer price index expresses the relative change in the average price level of a group of goods over a certain period. It is determined by the formula:
CPI = Value of a consumer basket in the current year / Value of that basket in the base year X 100%.
Real GDP will be equal to the ratio of nominal GDP to the price index multiplied by 100%:
GDP real = GDP nominal / CPI X 100%.
The GDP deflator shows the change in prices for all final goods and services produced in the economy, i.e. it more fully reflects the change in prices in society, covering all goods and services. Then:
GDP real = GDP nom / Deflator X 100%.
Gross national product (GNP) characterizes the value of final goods and services created not only within the country, but also abroad, i.e. created with resources owned by a given country, regardless of their geographical use.
The gross national product is calculated in the same way as the gross domestic product, but differs from it by an amount equal to the difference between exports and imports.
Net domestic product (NDP) is measured by subtracting depreciation charges from GDP, i.e. the value of investment goods remaining in production. NDP characterizes the value of GDP, which goes to the consumption of the population and private investment:
NVP = GDP-A.
In the case of calculating net national product (NNP), depreciation charges are subtracted from GNP.
Domestic income (ID) is PVP minus all indirect taxes paid by entrepreneurs. VD acts as the total income of the owners of all factors of production: wages, profits, rents, interest.
To determine personal income (LD), subtract from the value of PD: contributions to the social insurance of citizens, corporate profits, interest paid on a loan and add: dividends; transfer payments, interest income.
Personal income is all income received by individuals for consumption, savings, and taxes.
If we deduct individual taxes paid by citizens from the LD, we get personal disposable income (PDI), which goes directly to consumption and savings, and not to the payment of individual taxes, which include, in particular, personal income tax, personal property tax , inheritance tax, etc.
- Choose the correct answer. Bring solutions to problems.
2.1. If in a closed economy consumer spending is $1,000 billion, private saving is $100 billion, government purchases of goods and services are $300 billion, and the government budget is balanced, then total output is:
a) 1000 billion dollars;
b) 1100 billion dollars;
c) 1200 billion dollars;
d) 1300 billion dollars;
e) 1400 billion dollars.
Total output (Y) = Consumer spending (C)
State. purchases of T and Y (G)
Private savings (S)
Y= 1000+300+100 = 1400 billion dollars
2.2. Country X's GDP is $200 billion, MPC=0.75. If the government of the country has set the goal of achieving a GDP of 400 billion dollars, what should be the investment (initial value or its growth)?
Dear classmates!
I don't have a minute...
Unfortunately, Tamara Sergeevna made the first 13 tickets without me.
I hasten to send them to you. There are new tasks and tests here! The remaining 22 tickets are only for already solved problems. I can only do them in the evening, since I have them in summary form (only by question numbers). But I think that if you wish, you can make it out anyway: the first digit is the control number, the second is the task number.
With friendly greetings,
Julia Tsvetkova
Ticket number 1
1. Possibilities of the impact of economic policy on economic growth.
2. If the volume of nominal GDP and the price level increased, then:
a) real GDP has not changed
b) real GDP increased, but to a lesser extent than prices
c) real GDP fell
d) this information does not allow determining the dynamics of real GDP.
c) an increase in net exports due to a decrease in the domestic price level
regarding the world
d) an increase in consumption due to an expected increase in income
e) the reduction of idle production capacity due to the economic recovery
4 Determine the correctness of the given provisions. Justify answers:
b) during a crisis, prices rise
c) revival - the phase of the cycle following the phase of depression
d) the duration of short-term cycles is 8-10 years
5Reduction of inflation by 1% leads to a fall in real GDP by 3% per year. Determine the level of cyclical unemployment if the Okun coefficient is 2.5, and the inflation rate has been reduced by 2%
1. Anti-inflationary policy and its types
2. In the country's economy, the investment function is determined by the equation I=40+0.4y,
and the savings function - by the equation S=-20+0.6Y, where Y is the net national product (NNP).
Then the equilibrium NNP in the country is equal to:
a) -100, b) -200, c) -300, d) -400
3. An example of built-in stability is:
4) If the monetary base is equal to 40 billion dollars, then the amount of money in circulation will be in billion dollars:
a) 200; b) 160; c) 100; d) 90; e) 80.
5. The real volume of GDP in the current year is 920 billion c.u. e., and potential GDP is 1000 billion. Find the actual unemployment rate if the natural rate of unemployment is 6%
Ticket number 8
5. In the country's economy, NVP is equal to 6,000 billion conventional units. den. units, the value of indirect taxes is 500 conventional units. den. units, and the amount of depreciation of fixed capital is 600 arb. den. units Determine the value of GDP
1. Phillips curve in the short and long run
2. The "zero savings" point of the consumption function is the point at which:
a) saving equals income
b) income equals consumption
c) saving equals consumption
d) the marginal propensity to save is zero
3. If prices and wages are fixed in the short run and flexible in the long run, then:
a) the long run aggregate supply curve is vertical
b) the long run aggregate supply curve will be horizontal
c) the long run aggregate supply curve will correspond to potential output
d) changes in the amount of money by the state and the promotion of employment will affect the volume of output only in the short run
e) All of the above are correct.
4. The state in the phase of recession must carry out:
a) higher tax rates
b) tight monetary policy
c) an increase in government spending
d) an increase in depreciation periods
5. Let's assume that national production includes two goods; X is a consumer good and Y is an investment good. In the current year, 350 units of good X were produced at a price of $1 per unit and 10 units of good Y at a price of $5 per unit.
By the end of the current year, 5 used units of investment goods must be replaced with new ones
Calculate: a) GDP and b) NVP
Ticket number 10
1. The IS-LM model, its prerequisites, main provisions and analytical capabilities
2.Chinese workers work in Japan. Their income:
a) is included in China's GDP
b) is included in Japan's GDP
c) is included in China's GNI
d) not included in Japan's GNI
d) there is no correct answer
3.According to Okun's law, a 3% excess of the actual unemployment rate over its natural level means that the gap between the actual volume of GDP and the potential one is:
a) 7.5%; b) 3%; at 4%; d) 5%; e) 6%
4. Stagflation can be shown as:
b) a shift in the supply curve to the right
c) shift of the Phillips curve to the left
Ticket number 11
1. Equilibrium of the money market and the mechanism for its establishment
2. The Laffer curve reflects the relationship between;
a) the tax rate and the financing of public spending
b) the tax rate and tax revenues to the budget
c) the tax rate and government spending
d) tax rate and non-tax revenues
2. The country's GDP is $200 billion. The marginal propensity to consume is -0.75.
If the country's government has set the goal of reaching a GDP of 400 billion. dollars, investments should be;
a) 100 billion Doll.; b) $200 billion; c) 150 billion dollars; d) 150 billion dollars.
3. The short-term Phillips curve reflects:
a) an alternative between inflation and unemployment
b) a positive relationship between inflation and unemployment
c) features of the money market
d) an alternative between inflation and budget problems
4.GDP is:
a) the value of the final product produced in the country during the year
b) the sum of the products of all domestic firms
c) the total amount of income received by the population
d) the value of goods and services produced in the private sector
e) the total volume of production of all goods and services produced in a year
5.The following data is available
|
Nominal GDP, billion dollars |
Price level index |
Real GDP billion dollars |
|
Calculate real GDP for each year
Ticket number 12
1. Monetary policy, its goals and tools
2. In the conditions of the "liquidity trap":
a) monetary policy is especially effective
b) monetary policy is absolutely ineffective
4. Are the following statements true:
b) Household spending on buying a new home is included in consumer spending
d) disposable income is the earned income of the owner of economic resources, remaining at his disposal after the deduction of individual taxes
e) public investments are not included in investment expenditures
f) the volume of real GNI can be measured in physical terms
g) GNI differs from GDP by the value of net exports
h) the consumer price index is calculated based on the prices of goods included in the market consumer basket
i) resales do not increase GNI
5. In the previous year, potential GDP was $4,000. e., and the aggregate demand curve was described by the equation Y=4200-2P. This year, potential GDP grew by 1%, and the aggregate demand equation took the form U=4280-2P. By what percent did the equilibrium price level change during this period?
Ticket number 13
1. Money supply and monetary base. Money multiplier.
2. The easiest way to pass taxes on consumers is for goods that:
a) have many substitutes (substitute products);
b) do not constitute the main share in consumption;
c) do not have complements (additional goods);
d) have a low price elasticity of demand.
Ticket number 14
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The IS-LM model, its premises, main provisions and analytical |
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Ticket number 15
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Equilibrium of the money market and the mechanism of its establishment. |
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Ticket number 16
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The Central Bank and its functions. |
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Money supply and types of monetary aggregates. |
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Ticket number 17
Ticket number18
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Money market and its features. Functions and types of money. Types of demand for money. Demand for money in classical and Keynesian models. |
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Ticket number 19
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Fiscal policy and its types. Discretionary and automatic fiscal policy. Advantages and disadvantages of fiscal policy. Consequences of fiscal policy in the short and long term. |
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Ticket number20
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Government spending, their types and impact on the economy. State revenues. Taxes, their types and role in the economy. State budget and its balance. |
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Ticket number 21
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The multiplier effect in a simple Keynesian model. Types of multipliers (autonomous spending, taxes, balanced budget, simple and complete). |
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Ticket number 22
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Keynesian model of the market for goods and services. Planned and actual expenses. Equilibrium Conditions in the Keynesian Cross Model. |
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Ticket number23
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Model AD-AS. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply shocks, their types and consequences. |
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Ticket number24
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Relationship between unemployment and inflation: the Phillips curve |
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Ticket number25
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Inflation, its indicators, types, causes and consequences. |
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Ticket number26
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Economic consequences of unemployment. Okun's law. |
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Ticket number27
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The economic cycle, its phases, causes and dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators in different phases of the cycle. |
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Ticket number2 8
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The natural rate of unemployment. |
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Ticket number2 9
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Unemployment, its indicators and types. |
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Ticket number 30
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Nominal and real GDP. Price indices. |
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Ticket number 31
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Gross domestic product and methods of its measurement. |
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Ticket number 32
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Two approaches to the analysis of macroeconomic processes: classical and Keynesian. |
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Ticket number 33
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Basic macroeconomic identity. injections and withdrawals. |
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Ticket number 34
Ticket number 35
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The subject of macroeconomics. Methods of macroeconomic analysis. macroeconomic models. |
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1. If with an income of 40,000 den. units the household's savings expenditure is 10,000 den. units, then what is the average propensity to consume.
Solution: The average propensity to save is calculated by the formula: ARS = . The average propensity to consume is: APC= 1 - APS APC = 1- 0.25 = 0.75
2. Let us assume that the state of equilibrium in macroeconomics is reached at a GNP of $60 billion. The level of consumption in this case is equal to 40 billion dollars. The volume of investments also amounts to 20 billion dollars. The economy has new opportunities to increase investment by 10 billion dollars, the marginal propensity to consume is 2/3. Determine by how much additional investment will cause an increase in GNP.
Solution: Autonomous expenses multiplier is calculated by the formula: m= 
; is a multiplier of any type of autonomous spending: consumer, investment and government. The multiplier can also be calculated through the marginal consumption rate ( mpc): m= 
. Calculate m = 
= 3; We substitute the calculated and initial data into the multiplier formula and determine the desired increment in GNP:
GNP
= 3
X 10
= 30 billion dollars
.
3. The economy is characterized by the following data:Y=C+I+G+Xn; C =200 + 0,5 Di(whereDi- disposable income);I = 150 + 0,2 Y; G=200;t= 0.2 (wheret- tax rate);Xn =150 – 0,1 Y. Calculate the equilibrium level of income and the autonomous spending multiplier.
Solution: 1. The equilibrium level of income is determined from the given basic macroeconomic identity: Y=C+I+G+Xn. Express consumption as a function of total income: Disposable income (Di) is income (Y) minus taxes (T). T = t x Y; Di \u003d Y - 0.2Y \u003d Y (1-0.2) \u003d 0.8Y. Hence C = 200 + 0.5x 0.8Y = 200 + 0.4Y;
Y \u003d 200 + 0.4Y + 150 + 0.2Y + 200 + 150 - 0.1Y;
Y - 0.4Y - 0.2Y + 0.1Y = 700; 0.5Y = 700; Y= 1400
2. Autonomous expenses multiplier is calculated by the formula: m = 1/(1-mpc) C =Ca +mpcx D), i.e. mpc = 0.5. Hence m = 1/(1-0.5) = 2
Tasks:
If the economy is characterized by the ratios: C = 323+0.3Y, T = 100, G = 80, I = 300, where C is a function of consumer spending, Y is income, T is direct taxes, G is government spending, I is investment, then the equilibrium output in the economy is equal to;
Given a consumption function: C = 40 + 0.85Di. What will be the amount of savings if the household income is equal to 300 units?
With the growth of household income from 30 thousand rubles. up to 50 thousand rubles and an increase in consumption by 15 thousand rubles. What is the autonomous spending multiplier?
In 2004, households in the Republic of Vilabadji had a disposable income of 100,000 ECU and spent 90,000 ECU on the purchase of goods and services. If in 2005 these figures were respectively 120 thousand ecu and 106 thousand ecu. Calculate the marginal propensity to consume.
In the Republic of Alphania, the population's marginal propensity to consume is 0.75. Calculate the autonomous spending multiplier.
If disposable income increased from 600 thousand rubles. to 650 thousand rubles, and consumption increased by 40 thousand rubles, then the marginal propensity to save is ...
If, with an increase in personal disposable income from 200 to 400 million rubles, personal consumer spending increased by 150 million rubles, then the marginal propensity to save (MPS) (in percent) is ...
Determine by what amount you need to increase gross investment (in million rubles) so that the equilibrium GDP increases by 20 million rubles if the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8
If the marginal propensity to save is 0.4. With an increase in government spending by 100 million rubles, how will the equilibrium output change?
Disposable income increases as follows: 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600. Consumer spending increases accordingly: 120, 200, 270, 330, 380, 420.
Calculate the marginal propensity to consume and the marginal propensity to save as DI (disposable income) rises from 100 to 200; from 300 to 400; from 500 to 600.
The relationship between national income and household consumption is given by the following table:
Define:
Algebraic view of the Keynesian consumption function;
At what income is savings equal to zero?
Household consumption function C= 40 + 0,75Di. Determine the amount of savings if the income tax rate is 20% and the total household income is 300 units.
Given a consumption function C= 0.7Di + 50. Express savings as a function of income before tax if the income tax rate is 13%
What should be the volume of production of goods, so that with autonomous consumption of 30 units. and the marginal propensity to consume households 0.4, the demand of entrepreneurs for investments in the amount of 80 units was satisfied. and the state in the amount of 40 units?
Suppose the consumption function is: C \u003d 50 + 0.8Y. Let us also assume that the planned investments do not depend on income and are equal to I = 30. Government spending is: G= 10.
Define:
The equilibrium income level Y for this economy;
The level of equilibrium income if government spending increases to: G= 20;
What is the value of the multiplier in the economy under consideration?
FROM = 100 + 0.9Di (where Di is disposable income); I=200; G=200; Xn =100; t = 0.2 (where t is the tax rate); Calculate the equilibrium level of income and the autonomous spending multiplier.
The economy is characterized by the following data: Y = C + I + G + Xn; FROM = 100 + 0.9Di (where Di is disposable income); I=200; G=200; t = 0.2 (where t is the tax rate); Xn \u003d 100 - 0.12Y.
Calculate the equilibrium level of income and the autonomous spending multiplier.
In the year t -1, the potential GDP was 4000, the AD curve was described by the equation Y = 4200-2P. In year t, potential GDP grew by 1%, and the aggregate demand equation became Y = 4280-2P. By what percent did the equilibrium price level change in year t?
An increase in current investment spending by $100 million led to an increase in GNP by $500 million. Estimate the marginal propensity to save and determine the spending multiplier in the economy under consideration.
The consumption function is given by the formula: С=80+0.5Y. Fill in the table and build a consumption schedule.
The country's GDP is $200 billion. The marginal propensity to consume is 0.75. If the country's government has set the goal of achieving a GDP of $400 billion, then what should be the investment?
Household disposable income was $200 billion in 2006. They spent $190 billion on buying goods and services. These figures were respectively $220 billion and $206 billion in 2007. Determine the marginal propensity to consume.
Problem 76.
Investment demand in the country is described by the function: I = 1000 - 5000r. The consumption function is: C = 100 = 0.8 (Y - T). The real interest rate r is 10%.
a) the amount of investment;
b) the equilibrium volume of GDP;
Problem 77.
In the economy of country A, the investment function is defined by the equation I = 40 + 0.4Y, and the savings function as S = -20 + 0.6Y, where Y is the national income. Determine the equilibrium level Y.
Problem 78.
Problem 79.
Problem 80.
Problem 81.
Country A has a GDP of $200 billion. The marginal propensity to consume is 0.75. If the country's government has set a goal of $400 billion in GDP, what should be the investment?
Problem 82.
Based on the following given data, determine M 1, M 2, M 3.
Funds on current settlement accounts 800
Demand warehouses 110
Term deposits 55
Certificates, government bonds,
Commercial bills 6
Cash 250
Problem 83.
Gross investment in the economy was $220 billion, with a budget surplus of $15 billion. Exports were $75 billion and imports were $90 billion.
Find the amount of private savings.
Problem 68.
Investment demand in the country is described by the function I = 1000 - 5000r. The consumption function has the form: C = 100 + 0.8(Y - T). The real interest rate r is 10%.
a) the amount of investment;
b) the equilibrium volume of GDP;
c) the growth rate of the equilibrium volume of GDP with a decrease in the interest rate to 5%.
Problem 84.
In the economy of country A, the investment function is defined by the equation I = 40 + 0.4Y, and the savings function is defined as S = -20 + 0.6Y, where Y is the national income. Determine the equilibrium level Y.
Problem 85.
If the savings function is given by the formula S = -30 + 0.1Y, and autonomous investment is 125, then what will be the equilibrium level Y?
Problem 86.
The consumption function is given by the formula C = 100 + 0.2Y. Necessary:
a) build a consumption schedule;
b) build a savings schedule;
c) determine the equilibrium volume Y;
d) determine the value of the cost multiplier.
Problem 87.
What should be the increase in investment at MPS = 0.5 to ensure an increase in income of 2000 den. units?
Problem 88.
Country A has a GDP of $200 billion. The marginal propensity to consume is 0.75. If the government of the country has set the goal of achieving a GDP of 400 billion dollars, what should be the investment?
Problem 89.
The consumption function has the form C = 200+ 0.8 (Y - T). Taxes were reduced by 5 million rubles, the equilibrium level of income:
a) decreased by 20 million rubles;
b) increased by 20 million rubles;
c) decreased by 25 million rubles;
d) increased by 25 million rubles.
Problem 90.
The economy is in a recession. The marginal propensity to consume is 0.8. To achieve the desired level of national income, it is necessary to increase it by $200 billion. To achieve this goal, by how much should government purchases be increased?
Problem 91.
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.8, equilibrium is reached at a national income of $100 billion. If investment increases by $1 billion, how will the equilibrium level of national income change?
Topic. Financial and budgetary systems.
Problem 92.
Government purchases amounted to 250, the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.75. The tax rate is at the level of 0.2. At the same time, government spending increases by 100 units. Determine the size of the state budget deficit.
Problem 93.
Government expenditures on procurement decreased by 50 units. The marginal propensity to consume was 0.8 and the tax rate (t) was 0.15. Determine the impact of changes in government spending (purchases) on the budget.
Problem 94.
Investment demand (I) is 400. The consumption function is C = 0.8Y.
Determine the equilibrium level of income and output in the economy.
Topic. Unemployment and its forms. Inflation.
Problem 95.
The actual unemployment rate in this year is 9%, and the natural rate of unemployment is 6%.
Determine how much the actual GDP lags behind the potential, provided that the coefficient of sensitivity of GDP to the dynamics of cyclical unemployment is equal to 2. This year, the actual output of GDP amounted to 11.6 trillion. rub.
Problem 96.
The economy is described by the following data:
| Year | Unemployment rate, % |
The natural rate of unemployment is 6%, and the coefficient of sensitivity of GDP fluctuations to the dynamics of cyclical unemployment is 3.
a) calculate the value of the relative deviation, the actual VP from the potential one in each year.
B) if in 2003 the actual level of GDP was 2000, then what is the indicator of potential GDP?
Problem 97.
The consumer price index was 301% in 1993 and 311% in 1994. In the base year of 1977, the inflation rate was 4% and was estimated as acceptable for this economy. Prove with the necessary calculations that in 1994 the actual inflation rate was 4% and prices were 211% higher than they were in 1977.
Problem 98.
Last year, potential GDP was 2000, the AD curve was described by the equation Y = 2200 - 2P. This year, potential GDP grew by 1%, and the aggregate demand equation took the form Y = 2250 - 2P. By what percentage has the equilibrium price level changed in the current year?
Problem 99.
The equation of the aggregate demand curve last year was Y = 3300 - 3P, this year it is presented as Y = 3270 - 3P. The potential volume of GDP has not changed and remained at the level of 3000.
Determine the equilibrium volume of GDP in the short run and the inflation rate in the long run.
Task 100.
The year before last, potential GDP was 2000, and the aggregate demand curve AD was given by the equation Y = 2050 - 31.25P. Last year, potential GDP grew by 50.625%, and the AD aggregate demand curve equation became Y = 3050 - 31.25P. How has the inflation rate changed over the past two years?
Bibliography
Main literature
1. Ivashkovsky S.N. Macroeconomics. - M., 2011
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