MSA 230 audit documentation. International Standards on Auditing ISA - Abstract. Changes to audit documentation in exceptional circumstances after the date of the auditor's report

Introduction

The development of market relations in Russia is accompanied by its integration into the world community. Many of the inspected legal entities have a share of foreign investment in their authorized capital or are fully financed by foreign entities. The reliability check, first of all, of such organizations must be carried out in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISA) - international auditing standards (hereinafter referred to as ISA). In addition, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, certain types of enterprises and organizations have switched and continue to switch to preparing financial statements under IFRS, the audit of which must be carried out in accordance with ISA.

ISA 230 “Audit Documentation” includes the following sections: introduction, form and content of working papers, confidentiality, security, storage of working papers and ownership of them. This standard establishes general requirements for record keeping during the audit of financial statements.

I Basic provisions of international standard 230 “Audit documentation”

1.1 Definition, goals and objectives of audit documentation

Audit documentation, as defined in ISA 230 Audit Documentation, is a written reflection of the audit procedures performed, audit evidence obtained, and conclusions reached by the auditor (sometimes the term “working papers” is used).

Compliance with the requirements of ISA 230, together with the documentation requirements of other relevant ISAs, is usually sufficient to prepare adequate audit documentation.

Audit documentation serves important purposes such as:

assisting audit participants in planning and conducting the audit;

facilitating the procedure for managing and monitoring the audit during its implementation, as well as ensuring compliance with the requirements of ISA 220 “Quality Control of an Audit of Financial Statements”;

providing the audit team with the opportunity to take responsibility for their work (is the rationale for a particular audit report);

recording and preserving important materials that are important in future periods (for subsequent audits);

providing the opportunity to conduct a review and inspection for the purpose of quality control by an experienced auditor in accordance with the requirements of ISQC 1 (International Standard on Quality Control) - the international standard for quality control (hereinafter referred to as ISQC) “Quality control in organizations performing audits, review checks of reported financial information and other assurance assignments and audit-related services”;

providing the opportunity for external audits to be carried out by an experienced auditor in accordance with established legal, regulatory and other requirements.

Note that the term “experienced auditor” means a person, either internal or external to the firm, who has a reasonable understanding of:

firstly, audit processes;

secondly, ISAs and related legal and regulatory requirements;

thirdly, the business environment in which the audited enterprise operates;

fourthly, issues of conducting audits and preparing financial statements in the industry in which the enterprise operates.

ISA 230 requires the auditor to prepare audit documentation in a timely manner to ensure:

first, sufficient and appropriate evidence to support the auditor's opinion;

secondly, evidence that the audit was conducted in accordance with ISAs and relevant legal and regulatory requirements.

Timely preparation of sufficient and appropriate audit documentation helps to improve the quality of the audit, the effectiveness of verification and evaluation of the audit evidence obtained and the conclusions drawn on its basis before the finalization of the audit report. Documentation prepared during the work appears to be more reliable than documentation prepared at the end of the work.

1.2 Document deviations from basic principles and required procedures

The basic principles and required procedures in accordance with ISAs are intended to assist the auditor in achieving the overall objective of the audit. Therefore, the auditor must follow each fundamental principle and follow necessary procedures that are appropriate to the circumstances of the audit engagement.

If, in exceptional circumstances, the auditor determines that it is necessary to depart from the fundamental principles and necessary procedures appropriate to the circumstances of the engagement, the auditor should document how the alternative audit procedures performed satisfy the objective of the audit and, if not obvious, the reasons for such departure. In this case, the auditor must provide evidence that the alternative audit procedures performed are sufficient and adequately replace the basic principles and necessary procedures.

The requirement to document deviations does not apply to policies and procedures that are not appropriate to the circumstances of the engagement. For example, none of the procedures in ISA 510, Initial Audit – Opening Balances, apply to a continuing audit. Similarly, if an ISA contains conditional requirements, then the application of those requirements is not appropriate if the specified conditions do not exist (for example, the requirement to modify the auditor's report in the case of a limitation on the scope of the audit is satisfied only if there is such a limitation).

1.3 Changes to audit documentation in exceptional circumstances after the date of the auditor’s report

If, after the date of the auditor's report, exceptional circumstances arise that require the auditor to perform new or additional audit procedures or draw new conclusions, the auditor shall document:

a) the circumstances that have arisen;

b) newly performed or additional audit procedures, audit evidence obtained and conclusions reached;

c) when and by whom changes were made to the audit documentation and when and by whom they were verified.

Exceptional circumstances include discoveries of facts about the audited financial information that existed at the date of the auditor's report that could have affected the auditor's report if known previously.

II Basic requirements for the preparation of audit documentation

2.1 Form, content and scope of audit documentation

The auditor should prepare the audit documentation in such a way that an experienced auditor who has not previously been involved in the engagement can understand:

a) the nature, timing and extent of the audit procedures performed in accordance with ISAs and applicable legal and regulatory requirements;

b) the results of audit procedures and audit evidence obtained;

c) significant issues that arose during the audit and the conclusions drawn on them.

the nature of the audit procedures performed;

level of risk of material misstatement;

the degree of professional judgment required in performing the work and evaluating the results;

the significance of the audit evidence obtained;

the nature and extent of unusual transactions;

the need to document findings or the basis for findings that are difficult to determine;

applied audit methodology and techniques.

Audit documentation may be presented in the form of data recorded on paper, electronically, or another form of information storage. Audit documentation includes:

audit programs;

analytical calculations;

memoranda;

descriptions of significant issues;

written confirmations and letters of representation;

checklists;

correspondence, incl. electronic, regarding the most significant issues.

Copies and descriptions of company documents, such as certain significant contracts and agreements, can be used as audit documentation, if necessary. At the same time, audit documentation cannot replace the entity's accounting records.

There is no need to document every matter considered by the auditor. In particular, it is inappropriate to include in the working documentation copies of properly executed primary documents that do not contain errors and correspond to the business transactions described by these primary documents. Instead of copies of such documents, it is permissible to compile a summary table indicating the list of verified transactions and marking the presence and correctness of the relevant primary documents. The auditor generally excludes from the audit documentation draft working papers and draft financial statements, records containing incomplete or preliminary findings, copies of documents containing corrections, and duplicate documents.

The auditor's oral explanations do not provide sufficient evidence regarding the work performed and the conclusions reached, but can be used as an explanation and clarification of the information contained in the audit documentation.

2.2 Documentation of significant issues and professional judgments

Assessing the significance of a particular issue requires an objective analysis of the facts and circumstances. In particular, significant issues include:

matters that give rise to significant risks reflected in ISA 315, Understanding the Entity's Business, Its Environment and Assessing the Risk of Material Misstatement;

Findings from audit procedures that indicate that financial information may be materially misstated or that the auditor needs to review the auditor's previous assessment of the risks of material misstatement and the auditor's response to those assessed risks;

circumstances that cause the auditor significant difficulty in applying the necessary audit procedures;

conclusions that may lead to modification of the auditor's report.

The auditor should promptly document discussions with management and other responsible persons of significant issues that arose during the audit.

Audit documentation includes records (minutes) of discussions held on significant issues, indicating when discussions were held and with whom. This may include not only the records prepared by the auditor, but also other relevant records, such as agreed minutes of meetings prepared by the auditee's staff. Other responsible persons with whom the auditor may discuss significant issues include persons responsible for management (owner representatives), other full-time employees of the organization, and third-party specialists, for example, persons providing professional advice to the organization.

If the auditor identifies information that is inconsistent with or inconsistent with the final conclusion regarding significant matters, it is necessary to document how the auditor addressed the contradictions and inconsistencies in reaching the final conclusion. This does not imply that the auditor needs to retain documentation that contains incorrect information and needs to be replaced.

The auditor may find it useful to prepare and retain as part of the audit documentation a summary report (memorandum) that describes the significant matters identified during the audit and how they were addressed, or cross-references other working papers that contain such information. The preparation of such a memorandum can facilitate the efficiency and effectiveness of the review and inspection of audit documentation, especially in relation to large and complex audits. In the future, the preparation of such a memorandum may facilitate the auditor's consideration of significant issues.

2.3 Documenting the identifying characteristics of individual articles or test questions

In documenting the nature, timing, and extent of audit procedures performed, the auditor should reflect the identifying characteristics of the individual items or matters tested.

Documentation of identification features is carried out for various purposes. For example, it enables the audit team to take responsibility for its work and facilitates the investigation of unusual situations and inconsistencies. The identifying characteristics depend on the nature of the audit procedures and the items or matters to be tested. For example:

when conducting a detailed audit of purchase orders made by the client, the auditor can reflect in the working documents the names of the documents selected for verification, the date of their preparation and order numbers;

When conducting random or review procedures for those items that exceed a certain amount in a given population, the auditor may document the scope of the procedures and identify the population being audited (for example, indicate that all business transactions exceeding a certain amount are included in the population being audited);

when carrying out procedures for systematic sampling from a population of documents, the auditor can identify and indicate in the working documents the name of the selected documents, their sources, the starting point and the sampling interval;

when conducting request procedures for certain employees of the audited organization, the auditor may indicate in the working documents the date of the request, the names and positions of the company’s employees;

When conducting observation procedures, the auditor can indicate in working documents the observed processes or objects, responsible persons, their responsibilities, as well as the place and date of the observation.

2.4 Identification of performers and persons responsible for verification

In documenting the nature, timing and extent of audit procedures performed, the auditor should indicate in working papers:

who performed the audit work and the completion date of that work;

who reviewed the audit work, and the date and extent of that review.

The requirement to include in working papers information about the persons who reviewed the audit work performed does not imply that each individual working paper must contain a note of verification. However, the audit documentation should contain information about who and when reviewed individual elements of the audit work performed.

2.5 Formation of the final audit file

Audit documentation for each individual audit engagement is generated in the form of an audit file, which is one or more folders or other means of storing information, both physical and electronic, containing records that constitute the audit documentation on a particular issue.

The auditor must complete the final audit file in a timely manner after the date of signing the audit report.

ISQC 1 contains requirements for audit organizations to establish policies and procedures for generating an audit file on a timely basis. According to this standard, a period of 60 days after the date of the auditor's report is usually the deadline within which the final audit file must be completed. Although the requirement of ISQC 1 is not mandatory, it is highly advisable not to exceed the specified period for the timely completion of the formation of the audit file.

Completion of the final audit file after the date of the auditor's report is an administrative process that does not require the performance of new audit procedures or the formulation of new conclusions. However, changes can be made to the audit documentation during the audit file process only if they are of an administrative nature. Examples of such changes could be:

destruction or seizure of replaced documentation;

organizing, reconciling and cross-referencing working documents;

signing final checklists in connection with the completion of the audit file generation process;

Documenting the audit evidence that was collected, discussed and agreed upon by the auditor with relevant members of the audit team prior to the date of the audit report.

Once the final audit file has been completed, the auditor should not destroy or remove audit documentation before the retention period has expired.

ISQC 1 contains requirements for establishing policies and procedures regarding the retention of engagement documentation. In accordance with this standard, the retention period for audit documentation is generally not less than five years from the date of the audit report or, if the engagement team's report is later dated, from the date of the engagement team's report.

If the auditor considers it necessary to modify or add to existing audit documentation after the final audit file has been completed, the auditor should, regardless of the nature of the modifications, include the following information in the working papers:

a) when and by whom the changes were made, and, if applicable, when and by whom they were reviewed;

b) specific reasons for making changes (additions);

c) influence on the auditor's conclusions.

Upon completion of work with the client, the inspection manager is obliged to check the order in which the client’s folder is prepared:

correct placement of documents in the folder;

completeness of documents related to the performance of the audit engagement;

presence and correctness of page numbering;

availability, where necessary, of cross-references to other working documents.

Conclusion

ISAs regulate the professional activities of auditors and are widely recognized throughout the world, since they allow one to achieve the greatest objectivity in expressing the auditor's opinion regarding the compliance of financial statements with generally accepted principles of accounting and financial reporting, and also establish uniform qualitative criteria for comparing the results of audit activities. Uniformity of auditing activities is a necessary condition due to the variety of techniques used in auditing practice and the complexity of their comparison. As the economic situation changes, auditing standards are subject to periodic revision in order to best meet the needs of users of financial statements.

Standards that complement the provisions on issues international practices audit ...

Standards audit (4)

Code >> Accounting and Auditing

Subject: "Fundamentals audit" Subject: " Standards audit". Prepared by: International standards audit MSA have their... Standards regulating related audit services ( ISA 900-999). Standards, supplementing provisions on issues international practices audit ...

FPSAD No. 2 “Audit Documentation” - includes all the information contained in the ISA, but is presented in more detail, taking into account Russian documentation practice. Thus, the Russian PSAD presents in detail the details that the documents must contain. The procedure for storing documents is described in detail and contains a list of typical working documents.

Target ISA 230 — establishing standards and providing guidance regarding record keeping during the audit process.

Working documentation of the audit - a set of material storage media; compiled by the auditor himself, employees of the audited economic entity and third parties at the request of the auditor before, during and at the end of the audit.

The basis for determining the scope of documentation is auditor's professional judgment. The form and content of documents may depend on various factors: the nature of the audit engagement; audit report form; the nature of the client's business; The client’s internal control system and organization of its accounting; verification methods and techniques, etc.

Documentation records evidence that helps to conclude whether the overall audit objective has been achieved.

These documents are kept by the auditor, because he is responsible for the verification carried out.

Working documentation is drawn up in complete and detailed form. It should reflect the following questions:

About work planning;

About the nature, time frame and scope of audit procedures (first of all, accounts 50, 51, 68 are checked, since they are checked by the tax service, and 60, 62 (in the presence of fraud through forgery of documents)), their results;

Conclusions drawn from the evidence obtained;

Significant issues that arose during the audit, the results of their consideration.

The form and content of working documents are influenced by:

Nature of the audit engagement;

Audit engagement form;

Nature and complexity of the business;

The nature and state of accounting and internal control;

Specific methods and techniques used in listening.

The minimum list of information reflected in working documents includes:

Information about the legal and organizational structure, copies of legal documents. documents;

Excerpts/copies from the main legal documents. documents

Industry data, economics. and legal environment;

Planning confirmation (documents);

Auditor's study of the accounting system and internal control (confirmation);

Assessment audit. risk and level of materiality (confirmation);

Audit evidence and conclusions;

Information about employees performing the audit.

procedures;

Timing of the audit;

Messages from experts, third parties, copies of minutes of meetings, letters related to the audit;

Written statements from the audience. faces;

Copies of financial statements and audit. conclusions.

Working documentation is the property of the auditor. He must ensure the confidentiality of documentation and conditions for its storage for the required time.

31. MSA 800. Audit report on audit engagements for special purposes

Along with the audit of accounting (financial) statements, auditors are faced with situations that require economic entities to take different approaches to the formation of accounting (financial) information support.

In this case we are talking about information that includes:

Accounting (financial) statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles that differ from the principles of International Financial Reporting Standards or relevant national standards;

Reports on individual components of accounting (financial) statements;

Compliance of the actions of the management of the economic entity with the provisions of agreements (contracts or agreements);

Generalized accounting (financial) statements.

ISA 800 “Audit report (conclusion) on audit engagements for special purposes” regulates the actions of the auditor when performing special engagements. The nature, timing and scope of work, as a rule, depend on the task itself.

Before starting a special assignment, the auditor must agree with the management of the economic entity on the nature, form and content of the audit report.

Even at the stage of planning the audit work, it is important to determine the purpose and user for whom the final reporting information will be prepared. Based on this, the report must make a reservation regarding both the purpose itself and the circle of people for whom it was prepared.

Main sections:.

Name.

Destination Introduction

– provisions on the responsibility of the management of the entity and the auditor, as well as a description of all verified financial information..

Paragraph describing the scope and nature of the audit Paragraph, reflecting the auditor's opinion

regarding verified accounting (financial) information.

Report date.

Auditor's address.

Auditor's signature.

The auditor may receive an order to perform a special audit engagement to express an opinion on any one or more components of the accounting (financial) statements. Such an audit is carried out as an independent special task within the framework of the audit of accounting (financial) statements. At the end of such an audit, an auditor’s report on all accounting (financial) statements is not issued.

The auditor's report on summary statements should include the following main sections.

Main sections:.

Name It is advisable to highlight the term “independent” in it, which makes it possible to distinguish the audit report from other reporting documents.

indicates the interested user to whom this report is presented for a special audit engagement. The paragraph discloses information about the audited accounting (financial) statements

, which is the basis for the formation of generalized reporting. A paragraph reflecting the auditor’s opinion on the compliance of the summarized information with the data contained in the full accounting (financial) statements

. If the main audit report is modified, but the summary statements satisfy the auditor, then he is obliged to make this reservation in the audit report. Information reflecting explanations to the generalized accounting (financial) statements

regarding verified accounting (financial) information.

Report date.

Auditor's address.

, which disclose the need to use such reporting in conjunction with the complete one.

International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 230

"Audit documentation" International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 230 International Standard on Auditing ISA 230 should be considered together with.

“The main objectives of an independent auditor and conducting an audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing”

Scope of this standard

1. This International Standard on Auditing (ISA) sets out the auditor’s responsibilities for preparing audit documentation when conducting an audit of financial statements. The Appendix lists other ISAs that contain certain requirements and recommendations on documentation issues. These specific documentation requirements contained in other ISAs do not impose any restrictions on the application of this standard. Laws or regulations may impose additional documentation requirements.

Nature and purpose of audit documentation

1. evidence substantiating the conclusion made by the auditor about the achievement of the main objectives of the auditor 1), paragraph 11. ;

3. Audit documentation serves a number of additional functions, including the following:

• assisting the audit team in planning and conducting the audit;
• Assisting audit team members responsible for directing and supervising the audit work and performing their review responsibilities in accordance with ISA 220 2) “Quality control during an audit of financial statements”, paragraphs 15-17. ;
• ensuring the audit team is accountable for its work;
• maintaining data on matters that are significant for future audit engagements;
• ensuring that quality control reviews and inspections are carried out in accordance with ISQC 1 3) , paragraphs 32–33, 35–38 and 48. or no less stringent requirements of national legislation 4) ISA 220, paragraph 2. ;
• Ensuring that external inspection can be carried out in accordance with applicable legal, regulatory or other requirements.

Effective date

4. This Standard is effective for an audit of financial statements for periods beginning on or after 15 December 2009.

Target

5. The auditor's goal is to prepare documentation that provides:

1. sufficient and appropriate evidence to support the auditor's opinion;
2. evidence that the audit was planned and performed in accordance with International Standards on Auditing and applicable legal and regulatory requirements.

Definitions

6. For the purposes of International Standards on Auditing, the following terms have the following meanings:

1. audit documentation, working papers, working papers - records of audit procedures performed, relevant audit evidence obtained and conclusions reached by the auditor;
2. audit file - one or more folders or other paper or electronic storage media containing data representing audit documentation related to a specific engagement.
3. An experienced auditor is a person (who can be either an employee of the audit organization or a specialist external to this organization) who has practical experience in conducting an audit and sufficient understanding of the following issues:
   1. audit procedures;
   2. International Standards on Auditing and applicable legal and regulatory requirements;
   3. the business environment in which the audited organization operates;
   4. audit issues and issues related to the preparation of financial statements in relation to the industry in which the organization operates.

Requirements

Timely preparation of audit documentation

7. The auditor should prepare audit documentation in a timely manner (see paragraph A1).

8. The auditor should prepare audit documentation that is sufficient to enable an experienced auditor not previously involved in a specific audit engagement to understand (see paragraphs A2–A5, A16–A17):

1. the nature, timing and extent of the audit procedures performed to comply with International Standards on Auditing and applicable legal and regulatory requirements (Ref: Paragraphs A6–A7);
2. the results of the audit procedures performed and the audit evidence collected;
3. Significant matters that arose during the audit engagement, the conclusions reached thereon, and the significant professional judgments used in reaching those conclusions (Ref: Para. A8–A11).

9. When documenting the nature, timing and extent of audit procedures performed, the auditor should record:

1. what are the distinctive characteristics of the articles or questions tested (see paragraph A12);
2. who performed the audit work, indicating the date on which such work was completed;
3. who reviewed the audit work performed, and the date and extent of that review (see paragraph A13).

10. The auditor shall document discussions of significant matters with management and those charged with governance, including the nature of the matters discussed and when and with whom those discussions occurred (Ref: Para. A14).

11. If the auditor identifies information that is inconsistent with his final conclusions regarding a significant matter, the auditor shall document how he resolved the inconsistency (see Paragraph A15).

Derogation from any applicable requirement

12. If, in exceptional circumstances, the auditor considers it necessary to depart from compliance with an applicable requirement of a particular ISA, the auditor shall document how the alternative audit procedures performed by the auditor achieve the objectives of that requirement and the reasons for the departure (see . items A18–A19).

Matters arising after the date of the auditor's report

13. If, in exceptional circumstances, the auditor performs new or additional audit procedures or reaches new conclusions after the date of the auditor's report, the auditor shall document (see paragraph A20):

1. what are the circumstances he faces;
2. new or additional audit procedures performed, audit evidence collected and conclusions reached, and their effect on the auditor’s report;
3. when and by whom the relevant changes to the audit documentation were made and verified.

Final formation of the audit file

14. After the date of the audit report, the auditor shall timely compile the audit documentation into the audit file and complete the administrative procedures for finalizing the audit file (see paragraphs A21–A22).

15. Once the final audit file has been completed, the auditor shall not remove or discard any audit documentation before its retention period has expired (see paragraph A23).

16. If, in circumstances not covered by paragraph 13, the auditor, upon completion of the final audit file, considers it necessary to modify the existing audit documentation or supplement it with new documents, the auditor shall, regardless of the nature of the changes or additions, document the following (see paragraph A24):

1. specific reasons why changes or additions were needed;
2. when and by whom they were entered and verified.

Instructions for use and other explanatory materials

Timely preparation of audit documentation (see paragraph 7)

A1. The timely preparation of sufficient and appropriate audit documentation helps improve the quality of the audit engagement and facilitates the effective review and evaluation of the audit evidence collected and conclusions reached before finalizing the audit report. Documentation prepared after the audit work has been performed is likely to be less accurate than documentation prepared while the work was being performed.

Documentation of audit procedures performed and audit evidence collected

A2. The form, content and extent of audit documentation depend on factors such as:

• the size and complexity of the audited entity;
• the nature of the audit procedures performed;
• identified risks of material misstatement;
• the significance of the audit evidence collected;
• the nature and extent of the identified discrepancies;
• the need to document a conclusion or justification for a conclusion that is not obvious from the work performed or the audit evidence collected;
• applied methodology and audit tools.

A3. Audit documentation may be maintained on paper or on electronic or other media. Examples of audit documentation:

• audit programs;
• analytical documents;
• memos on problematic issues;
• brief summaries of significant issues;
• confirmation letters and written statements;
• checklists;
• correspondence (including email) on significant issues.

The auditor may include in the audit documentation excerpts or copies of documents of the audited entity (for example, significant and specific contracts and agreements). Audit documentation, however, should not replace the organization's accounting records.

A4. The auditor is not required to include in the audit documentation original drafts of working papers and financial statements, notes that reflect incomplete or preliminary considerations, original copies of documents that were subsequently corrected due to typographical errors or other errors, or duplicate documents.

A5. The auditor's oral explanations do not, by themselves, provide sufficient support for the auditor's work or conclusions, but can be used to disclose and clarify information contained in the audit documentation.

Documentation of Compliance with International Standards on Auditing (Ref: Para. 8(a))

A6. In principle, compliance with the requirements of this standard will ensure that the audit documentation is sufficient and appropriate in the particular circumstances. To clarify the application of this standard, taking into account the specifics of a particular ISA, such other auditing standard may contain clarifying requirements for the preparation of documentation. These specific documentation requirements contained in other ISAs do not impose any restrictions on the application of this standard. Moreover, the absence of documentation requirements in any ISA does not mean that compliance with that standard does not require documentation.

A7. Audit documentation provides evidence that the audit performed complies with International Standards on Auditing. However, it is neither required nor practicable for the auditor to document during the audit all matters considered or all professional judgments made. In addition, the auditor is not required to document separately (for example, in a checklist) the fact of compliance with those requirements, the compliance of which is confirmed by documents attached to the audit file. For example:

• the presence of a properly documented audit plan demonstrates that the auditor planned the audit;
• The presence of a signed engagement letter in the audit file indicates that the auditor has agreed to the terms of the audit engagement with management or, if appropriate, those charged with governance;
• An auditor's report that provides a qualified qualified opinion on the client's financial statements demonstrates that the auditor has complied with the requirement to express a qualified opinion in the appropriate circumstances described in International Standards on Auditing;
• A number of methods may be used to demonstrate compliance within the audit file with those requirements that would normally apply throughout the audit:
  • for example, there may be no single way to document an auditor's professional skepticism. However, audit documentation may provide evidence of the auditor's exercise of professional skepticism in accordance with International Standards on Auditing. Such evidence may include specific procedures performed to support management's responses to the auditor's inquiries;
  • The fact that the engagement partner has accepted responsibility for the direction, control and performance of the audit engagement in compliance with International Standards on Auditing can be demonstrated in the audit documentation in a number of ways. This may include documentation of the engagement partner's timely involvement in various aspects of the audit, such as participation in engagement team discussions required by ISA 315 (Revised). “Identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement through understanding the organization and its environment”, point 10. .

Documentation of Significant Matters and Related Significant Professional Judgments (Ref: Para. 8(c))

A8. Assessing the significance of a particular issue requires an objective analysis of the facts and circumstances. Examples of significant questions:

• matters that give rise to significant risks (as defined in ISA 315 (Revised)) 6), paragraph 4(e).
• ;
• Findings from the audit procedures that indicate that (a) the financial statements may be materially misstated, or that (b) there is a need to reconsider the auditor's prior assessment of the risks of material misstatement and the auditor's responses to those risks;
• circumstances that significantly impede the auditor’s application of the necessary audit procedures;

observations that may lead to one or another modification of the auditor’s opinion or to the inclusion of an Emphasis of Matter section in the auditor’s report.

A9. An important factor in determining the form, content and scope of audit documentation on significant issues is the extent to which professional judgment is used in carrying out the work and in assessing its results. Documentation of the professional judgments made, if significant, helps clarify the auditor's conclusions and improve the quality of the judgment. These issues are of particular interest to those responsible for reviewing audit documentation, including those involved in subsequent audit engagements, when they are involved in matters of continuing significance (for example, when performing a retrospective review of accounting estimates).

• A10. Some examples of circumstances in which paragraph 8 requires audit documentation to be prepared regarding the use of professional judgment include the following, if the issues and judgments are significant:
• supporting the auditor's conclusion when the auditor is required to consider certain information or factors and that consideration is significant in the context of the audit;
• the basis for the auditor's conclusion regarding the reasonableness of certain areas of subjective judgment (for example, regarding the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates);

A11.The auditor may find it useful to prepare and retain as part of the audit documentation a summary (sometimes called a completion note or memorandum) that describes the significant matters identified during the audit and how they were resolved, or that includes references to other supporting audit documentation containing this information. Such a summary can facilitate effective and efficient reviews and inspections of audit documentation, especially for large and complex audit engagements. In addition, the preparation of such a summary may assist the auditor in considering significant issues. It may also assist the auditor in assessing whether, in light of the audit procedures performed and the conclusions reached, it appears that there is at least one significant objective set out in an International Standard on Auditing that the auditor is unable to achieve, making it impossible fulfillment of the main objectives of the auditor.

Indication of the specific articles or questions tested, as well as the performer and reviewer (see paragraph 9)

A12. Recording such distinctive features serves to solve a number of problems. For example, it enables the audit team to hold itself accountable for the work performed and facilitates investigations into discrepancies or nonconformities. The distinctive features will vary depending on the audit procedure used and the item or matter tested. For example:

• For detailed testing of purchase orders issued by an organization, the auditor may identify documents selected for testing by their dates or by unique purchase order numbers;
• For a procedure requiring selection from a given population or examination of all items in excess of a specified amount, the auditor may record the scope of the procedure performed and designate the relevant population (for example, all entries in accounting registers in excess of a specified amount);
• For a procedure that requires systematic sampling from a population of documents, the auditor may identify the documents being selected by identifying their source, the beginning of the sampling range, and the sampling interval (for example, a systematic sampling of shipping reports selected from the shipping journal for the period April 1 to September 30, beginning from report number 12345 and selecting every 125th report);
• for a procedure requiring a survey of specific employees of the audited organization, the auditor may record the dates of the surveys, as well as the names and titles of these employees of the audited organization;
• For an observation procedure, the auditor may describe the process or matter being observed, the persons involved, the relevant responsibilities of those persons, and where and when the observation was performed.

A13. ISA 220 requires the auditor to review the audit work performed by reviewing the audit documentation 7), paragraph 17. The requirement to document who reviewed the audit work performed does not mean that every work paper must provide evidence that it was reviewed. This requirement, however, means that what audit work was reviewed, who reviewed the work, and when it was reviewed should be documented.

Documenting discussions of significant matters with management, those charged with governance and others (Ref: Para. 10)

A14. Documentation is not limited to documents prepared by the auditor, but may include other relevant documents, such as minutes of meetings prepared by the organization's personnel and agreed upon by the auditor. Other persons with whom the auditor may discuss significant matters may include other employees within the entity as well as persons external to the entity, such as consultants contracted to provide services to the entity.

Documentation of how nonconformities were resolved (see clause 11)

A15. The requirement to document how the auditor resolved inconsistencies in information does not imply that the auditor must retain documentation that is incorrect or out of date.

Features of small organizations (see paragraph 8)

A16. Audit documentation for an audit of a small organization is usually not as extensive as for an audit of a large organization. In addition, when, during the course of an audit, the engagement partner performs all of the audit work performed, the documentation will not include matters that should be documented solely to inform or instruct members of the engagement team or to provide evidence of review of the documentation by other members of the engagement team. (for example, there will be nothing to document regarding group discussions or supervision). However, the engagement partner complies with the fundamental requirement of paragraph 8 to prepare audit documentation that an experienced auditor can understand because the audit documentation may be subject to review by external parties for legal or regulatory purposes.

A17. When preparing audit documentation, a small auditor may find it expedient and effective to draw up a single document covering all aspects of the audit, including, where appropriate, references to supporting materials in the working papers. Examples of matters that may be documented in a single document in an audit of a small entity include an understanding of the entity and its internal control system, the overall audit strategy and plan, and materiality as determined in accordance with ISA 320.8) “Materiality when planning and conducting an audit.” , risks assessed, significant issues noted during the audit and conclusions reached.

Derogation from any applicable requirement (see paragraph 12)

A18. The requirements of International Standards on Auditing are designed to enable the auditor to achieve the objectives described in International Standards on Auditing and thereby achieve the auditor's overall objectives. Consequently, unless there are exceptional circumstances, International Standards on Auditing encourage compliance with all requirements that are applicable in the circumstances of the audit.

A19. The documentation requirement applies only to those provisions that are applicable in the particular circumstances. This requirement is not applicable only 9), paragraph 22. in cases where:

1. The entirety of any given ISA is not relevant (for example, if an organization does not have an internal audit function, none of the provisions of ISA 610 (Revised 2013)10) "Using the work of internal auditors" point 2. are not applicable);
2. the requirement is conditional and there is no condition specified (for example, a requirement to modify the auditor's opinion when sufficient appropriate audit evidence cannot be obtained when such impossibility does not exist).

Matters Arose After the Date of the Auditor's Report (Ref: Para. 13)

A20. Examples of exceptional circumstances include facts that became known to the auditor after the date of the auditor's report, but which existed at that date and which, if known at that date, would have caused a change in the financial statements or a modification of the auditor's opinion in the auditor's report. paragraph 14. . Relevant changes to the audit documentation are reviewed in accordance with the requirements set out in ISA 220 12), paragraph 16, with the engagement partner accepting responsibility for those changes.

Finalization of the audit file (see paragraphs 14–16)

A21. ISQC Standard 1 (or equally stringent national legal requirements) requires audit organizations to establish policies and procedures for the timely completion of audit files 13), paragraph 45. The appropriate deadline for completing the final audit file is usually no more than 60 days after the date of the auditor's report 14), paragraph A54.

.

• A22. Completion of the final audit file after the date of the auditor's report is an administrative procedure and does not involve performing any new audit procedures or drawing new conclusions. However, during the process of generating the audit file, changes may be made to the audit documentation if they are of an administrative nature. Examples of such changes:
• removal or seizure of outdated documentation;
• sorting, ordering and placing links in working documentation;
• signing checklists related to the audit file process;

A23. ISQC Standard 1 (or equally stringent national legal requirements) requires audit organizations to establish policies and procedures for retaining engagement documentation (15), paragraph 47. The retention period for audit engagement documentation is normally at least five years from the date of the auditor's report on the entity's financial statements, or from the date of the auditor's report on the group's financial statements if issued later than 16) Paragraph A61.

.

A24. An example of circumstances in which the auditor may find it necessary to modify existing audit documentation or add new audit documentation after the final audit file has been completed is the need to clarify existing audit documentation as a result of comments received during a supervisory inspection performed internally or externally. audit organization by persons.

International Standards on Auditing: Cheat Sheet Author unknown

International Standards on Auditing: Cheat Sheet Author unknown

18. DOCUMENTING THE AUDIT Documentation

is one of the most important aspects of the auditor's work. The quality and results of the audit largely depend on the thoroughness, timeliness and systematicity of records. In ISA, ISA 230 “Documentation” is devoted to documentation issues. Purpose of ISA 230

– establishing standards and providing guidance regarding record keeping during the audit process.

All aspects of the audit must be documented. Documentation and documenting refers to working documents that are created and executed during the audit.

The standard makes the following requirements for working documents:

1) documents must be detailed and sufficiently complete for a general understanding of the audit;

2) the documents must contain information about the planning, nature, timing and scope of audit procedures, their results, and conclusions based on evidence. Basis for determining the scope of documentation

is the auditor's professional judgment. It must be emphasized that making a professional judgment is one of the most important requirements of the ISA in relation to the auditor and his professional prerogative. This aspect attracts special attention, since currently in Russian accounting and auditing legislation the concept of professional judgment is virtually absent and is replaced by specific requirements of a particular regulatory document. may depend on a variety of factors, which include: the nature of the audit engagement; audit report form; the nature of the client's business; The client’s internal control system and organization of its accounting; verification methods and techniques, etc.

In case of repeated inspections, some of the work documents may be recorded in permanent work files.

One of the most important requirements to audit documentation – ensuring confidentiality in order to protect the interests of the client.

Russian standard - analogue of MSA 230– includes all the information contained in the ISA, but it is presented in more detail, taking into account Russian documentation practices. Thus, the Russian PSAD presents in detail the details that the documents must contain. The procedure for storing documents is described in detail and contains a list of typical working documents.

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DOCUMENTATION OF SHIPMENT AND SALES OF PRODUCTS The sales service, in accordance with supply agreements concluded by the enterprise with customers, issues orders for the release of finished products to customers. For selected and packaged products in the warehouse, a

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8. Documentation of the audit Audit materials consist of an audit report and properly executed annexes to it, which are referenced in the audit report (documents, copies of documents, summary certificates, explanations of officials and financially responsible persons, etc.). The report

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58. Documentation of the audit Audit documentation helps to streamline the audit process, conduct it according to the scheme developed for the audit firm. Audit documentation can be divided into two groups: 1) regulatory reference and tax documentation; 2) working papers,

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Topic: “Documentation. MSA 230"

Introduction

2. Comparative analysis of Rule (standard) No. 2 “Documentation

audit" and International Standard on Auditing 230 "Documentation"

Conclusion

Introduction

The development of market relations in Russia is accompanied by its integration into the world community. In the process of reforming the accounting system in Russia, problems arose in the transition to international accounting and reporting standards (IFRS). Many of the inspected legal entities have a share of foreign investment in their authorized capital or are fully financed by foreign entities. The reliability check, first of all, of such organizations must be carried out in accordance with international auditing standards (ISA). In addition, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, certain types of enterprises and organizations have switched and continue to switch to preparing reports under IFRS, the audit of which must be carried out in accordance with ISA.

It is very important that audit organizations from different countries and auditors from different auditing companies express not only an objective, but also a comparable opinion on the information being audited. That is, in the case of an audit of the same economic entity, its branches and representative offices in different countries by different auditors, the conclusions must be identical. Therefore, it is necessary that all auditors be guided by uniform requirements for the procedure for conducting an audit, recording the results and assessing its quality, and apply comparable criteria when expressing an opinion on the verified information. For this purpose, international auditing standards are being developed.

In each country, the auditing of financial and other information is regulated, to a greater or lesser extent, by national regulations. Such acts may have the force of law, as in the Russian Federation, or may be presented in the form of separate provisions developed by regulatory authorities or professional public organizations of a given country.

International Standards on Auditing contain basic principles and required procedures, as well as related guidance, presented in explanatory and other material, to provide guidance on their application.

The study of ISAs is intended to help specialists of audit firms and individual auditors competently organize their work in accordance with the conceptual requirements of international auditing standards, without compliance with which it will be impossible to justify the quality of the audits performed.

1. Auditing standard No. 2 “Documentation of the audit”

One of the integral elements of professional auditing activities is audit documentation. In the Russian Federation, the requirements for its preparation are established by federal rule (standard) of auditing activities No. 2 “Documentation of the audit”. This rule was developed on the basis of International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 230 “Documentation” and is almost completely identical in text.

It establishes uniform requirements for the preparation of documentation in the process of auditing financial (accounting) statements.

The audit organization and the individual auditor must document all information that is important in terms of providing evidence to support the audit opinion, as well as evidence that the audit was conducted in accordance with federal auditing rules (standards).

The internal document must be drawn up on the basis of the international auditing standard (hereinafter referred to as ISA) 230 “Documentation” and the auditing rules (standard) No. 2 “Audit Documentation”, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 23, 2006 No. 696, which contains the requirement on the need for the auditor to prepare information that is important from the point of view of forming evidence confirming the auditor’s opinion, as well as evidence that the audit was conducted in accordance with auditing standards.

The purpose of the Standard should be to establish uniform requirements and provide recommendations for maintaining documentation during the audit of financial statements.

The objectives of the Standard are:

* formulation of general principles for documenting the audit;

* approval of the requirements for the form and content of working documentation of the audit;

* establishing the procedure for compiling and storing working documentation.

The term “documentation” is defined in ISA 230 as materials (working papers) prepared by and for the auditors, or received and maintained by the auditors in connection with the conduct of the audit.

Working papers are records in which the auditor records the procedures used, tests, information obtained, and related conclusions reached during the audit. They include information that the auditor considers important to the correct performance of the audit and that can support the conclusions he makes in his audit report. Working papers enable the auditor to have reasonable confidence that he is conducting the audit in accordance with accepted standards.

Working papers related to the current year's audit provide the basis for audit planning because they are a record of the evidence collected as well as the results of the audits.

The most important sources of information for planning can be: descriptive information about the internal control system, the audit program and the audit results for the previous year.

The quantitative and qualitative composition of the working papers should be compiled in such a way that, if necessary, the auditor can demonstrate that his audit was well planned and adequately controlled, that the evidence collected is reliable, sufficient and timely and that the audit report is consistent with the results of the audit (Table 1 ). The information contained in the working papers allows the auditor to decide on the appropriate type of audit report. They can also serve as a basis for preparing tax returns and for other purposes that help improve the performance of the audit firm's clients. The requirements of the Standard must be mandatory when conducting an audit that involves the preparation of a formal audit report. If the Standard deviates from the mandatory requirements, the lead auditor (auditor) must note this in his working documentation and in a written report to the management of the economic entity that ordered the audit and (or) related services.

Flow chart for documenting the audit Responsibility for documenting the audit rests with the lead auditor. The lead auditor, in turn, can assign the work of documenting the audit to an assistant, while retaining the function of monitoring the process of documenting the audit. However, this requires agreement with the management of the audit firm and is permissible only during periods of high workload of the lead auditors and if there is a sufficient level of competence of the assistants in matters of documenting the audit.

The lead auditor first of all clarifies the audit program taking into account the characteristics of the upcoming audit services and the specific client. The basis of the program is the audit program given in the appendix to the internal standard “Audit Planning”. After the elements of the revised audit program have been determined, the lead auditor draws up a revised list of working documentation for the upcoming audit, using data from the appendices to the Standard:

* Appendix No. 1 "Storage system for working documentation "Client File";

* Appendix No. 2 “List of documents that can be included in the working documentation “Current dossier”;

* Appendix No. 3 "List of documents that can be included in the working documentation" Permanent Dossier ";

* Appendix No. 4 “List of documents that can be included in the working documentation “Special dossier”.

Working papers should be prepared in a timely manner: before, during and after the audit. They can be created by auditors or received from an economic entity or from other persons. Regardless of the stage of documentation, working documents should be grouped into appropriate files - “permanent dossier”, “current dossier”, “special dossier”.

The "permanent file" includes audit files that are updated as new information becomes available but remain relevant. They lose value over a number of years. They can include

include a refined audit program. As the audit proceeds, each auditor notes the procedures performed in the audit program and enters the date of their completion. The inclusion of a well-planned, refined audit program in the working documents indicates that the audit was carried out to a high quality level.

The “special dossier” includes documents of an instructive and regulatory nature - legislative and regulatory acts, instructions, guidelines, data from statistical institutions, data from periodicals (articles) and other auxiliary materials that contribute to the successful conduct of the audit. When preparing working documentation, it should be assumed that evidence obtained outside the client’s business system is more reliable than evidence obtained within this system. In addition, the reliability of the evidence is significantly influenced by the degree of effectiveness of the client’s internal control. Working documentation contains:

* audit planning records;

* records of the nature, timing and extent of audit procedures performed;

* conclusions drawn on the basis of information obtained during the audit.

Records in documents are made by means that ensure their safety for the period of time established for storing working documentation in the archive.

By the time the audit report is submitted to the economic entity, all working documentation must be created (received) and completed.

The composition, quantity and content of working documents included in the working documentation of the audit are determined based on:

* the nature of the audit engagement;

* audit report forms;

* the nature and complexity of the activity of an economic entity;

* the state of accounting of an economic entity;

* reliability of the internal control system of an economic entity;

* the required level of management and control over the work of the audit organization’s personnel when performing individual procedures;

* specific methods and techniques used in the audit process.

Working documentation is the property of the audit organization, which has the right, at its discretion, to take any actions in relation to its working documentation that do not contradict the law, other legal acts and professional ethics. Some documents or extracts from them may be provided to the client at the discretion of the auditor, but they cannot serve as a substitute for his accounting records.

The audit organization is not obliged to provide working documentation or copies thereof in full or in any part (except for cases expressly provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation) to the economic entity in respect of which the audit is being conducted, to other persons, as well as to representatives of tax or other government bodies. The information contained in the working documentation is confidential and is not subject to disclosure by the audit organization.

If the volume of work or the size of the audit firm increases and the workload on the leading auditors increases, responsibility for the preparation and monitoring of compliance with the provisions of the Standard may be assigned by the head to the internal audit employee.

When preparing an updated list of working documentation, in the “note” column, the auditor is required to indicate which documents are included in it without fail, and which ones depending on the impact they have on the expression of the auditor’s opinion on the reliability of the financial statements. The list of working documentation can be expanded (added) taking into account the specifics of the audit.

A special section of the Standard should include issues related to the procedure for storing working documentation.

At the end of the audit, working documents are subject to submission for mandatory storage in the archives of the audit organization. Working documentation should be stored in bound form, compiled into files (folders) created separately for each audit conducted by the audit organization. Working documents stored in the “current dossier” and “permanent dossier” files should be bound together with the required pages.

Working papers of regular clients should be kept in one set in chronological order.

In this case, the “permanent” and “special” dossier files can be transferred from year to year as part of the new working documentation. The lead auditor (or other auditors under his control) must necessarily note on the documents the changes that have occurred, if any, indicate the date of the changes and sign.

The safety of working documentation, its execution and transfer to the archive is organized by the lead auditor responsible for a specific audit, and during periods of a busy schedule - by a person authorized by the management of the audit firm. The last name, first name, patronymic of the responsible person and his signature are indicated at the end of the working documentation.

The issuance of working documentation documenting the current and previously conducted audit to employees of the audit organization not engaged in the audit of a given economic entity is not allowed. Only the heads of the audit organization, auditors responsible for the audit, as well as employees involved in the development of internal audit standards can have free access to working documentation.

In the event of loss or destruction of working documentation, the head of the audit organization orders an internal investigation. The results of the internal investigation must be documented in an appropriate act.

Working documentation is stored in the archives of the audit organization for at least five years. In cases of repeated audits of the client, the retention period is extended by an additional five years from the date of signing the audit report.

When removing working documentation from the archive in order to transfer them to the certificates for a new audit, in the “note” column of the form to reflect documentation for the previous audit, the lead auditor notes against the name of the withdrawn document the date and reason for the withdrawal of the working document, confirming this with his signature. Each working document must have identification parameters (name of the client, period covered by the audit, description of the contents, surname and initials of the person who prepared the document, date of preparation of the document and index code).

Working papers should be provided with identification indexes and cross-references to assist in their compilation into files.

The completed working papers should clearly and clearly describe the work done as part of the audit. For this purpose, reports compiled in writing and in the form of a memorandum, notes on audit procedures to the audit program, marks directly in the records available in working documents are used. Work documents may be stored in the form of data recorded on paper, photographic film, electronically, or in another form.

2. Comparative analysis of Rule (standard) No. 2 “Documentation of an audit” and International Standard on Auditing 230 “Documentation”

By comparing the Russian Rule (standard) of auditing activities Documentation of an audit and the corresponding ISA 230, one can be convinced of their similarity. The Russian Rule (standard) includes all the information of the international equivalent, but presented in more detail.

Thus, the domestic standard details the details that must be contained in working documents; in the West this is taken for granted. Quite a lot of attention in the Russian standard is paid to the procedure for storing documents, the confidentiality of the information contained in them, and the inadmissibility for anyone, including tax authorities, to demand them from the auditor, and in the international standard two small paragraphs are devoted to this. The ISA also does not contain an appendix with a standard list of working documents. In the Russian document, such a list is necessary, since for most domestic audit organizations it may be of significant interest. The Russian rule (standard) is quite close in content to ISA 250. Minor differences are largely due to the specifics of the current economic situation in Russia and the features of the previously published Auditing Rules (standards). Obviously, the ISA could not deal with the problems of classification of Russian legal acts, which are given in paragraph 2.1 of the Russian document. The ISA does not contain such important points for our practice as the ambiguous interpretation of regulatory documents (clause 2.4). There are also no recommendations like “send a written request... to the body that is the source of the controversial regulatory document” (subparagraph “a”, paragraph 2.4.1). In the event of a divergence of views between the auditor and the client regarding the question of whether the provisions of a particular regulatory act were observed, the international document provides instructions to discuss the problem (clauses 28-29 of ISA 250):

* with the management of the economic entity;

* with a lawyer of an economic entity;

* with a lawyer from an audit firm. Let us note that in the practice of many economically developed countries, a company’s lawyers usually mean not its full-time employees, but a law firm that serves the organization on a regular basis, i.e. more or less impartial specialists. The project has been prepared on the basis of our updated and edited translation of the relevant ISA into Russian. The differences from the ISA are primarily of an editorial nature. There are no other discrepancies.

standard audit documentation international

Conclusion

Auditing standards regulate the professional activities of auditors and are widely recognized throughout the world, since they allow us to achieve the greatest objectivity in expressing the auditor’s opinion regarding the compliance of financial statements with generally accepted principles of accounting and the preparation of financial statements, and also establish uniform qualitative criteria for comparing the results of audit activities. Uniformity of auditing activities is a necessary condition due to the variety of techniques used in auditing practice and the complexity of their comparison.

Auditing standards formulate uniform basic requirements that define standards for the quality and reliability of an audit and provide a certain level of guarantee of audit results when these requirements are met. They establish uniform requirements for the auditing procedure, the audit report and the auditor himself. As the economic situation changes, auditing standards are subject to periodic revision in order to best meet the needs of users of financial statements. On the basis of auditing standards, programs for training auditors are formed, as well as requirements for conducting exams for the right to engage in auditing activities. Auditing standards are the basis for proving in court the quality of the audit and determining the level of responsibility of auditors.

Any audit, as a rule, begins with the development of an overall plan and audit program. When starting this development, auditors should be based on prior knowledge of the economic entity, as well as on the results of the analytical procedures performed. Using such analytical procedures, auditors identify areas of significance to the audit.

In the process of preparing a general plan and audit program, the effectiveness of the internal control system operating at an economic entity is assessed and its risk is assessed. An internal control system can be considered effective if it promptly warns about the occurrence of unreliable information and also identifies unreliable information. In addition, when preparing the overall plan and audit program, auditors should also establish the level of materiality and audit risk that is acceptable for it, allowing the financial statements to be considered reliable.

Bibliography

1. Federal Law “On Auditing Activities” dated August 7, 2001 No. 119-FZ / Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 2001. 9 Aug. No. 152-153.

2. International Standards on Auditing and the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (1999). M.: MTsRSBU, 2000.

3. International accounting standards (projects, comments to them and discussion materials. Parts I - VIII / Edited by Prof. V.G. Getman. M.: Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, 2000.

4. Arens E.A., Lobbeck J.K. Audit / Transl. from English M.: Finance and Statistics, 1995.

5. Basalai S.I., Khoruzhy L.I. Current problems of auditing in Russia. M.: Bukvitsa, 2000.

6. Danilevsky Yu.A., Shapiguzov S.M., Remizov N.A., Starovoitova E.V. Audit: Textbook. - M.: Publishing House FBK-PRESS, 2000.

7. Pankova S.V. Interrelation of international standards of financial reporting and audit // International accounting. 2002. No. 1;

8. Pankova S.V. On the organization of external audit quality control // Audit statements. 2000. No. 2. P. 71-74.

9. Podolsky V.I., Polyak G.B., Savin A.A., Sotnikova L.V. Audit: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. IN AND. Podolsky. M.: Audit, UNITY-DANA, 2000.

10. Remizov N.A. From the history of Russian audit//Financial and accounting consultations.-- 2000- No. 9 (58).- P. 83-87.

11. Sheremet A.D., Suits V.L. Audit: Textbook. M.: Infra-M, 2000.

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