What is a non-cash form of payment? Cashless payment - how is it? The most common form of non-cash payments in Russia

Cashless payment is one of the most convenient payment options; This is their high speed and the almost complete absence of regulatory restrictions in making payments.

Therefore, many companies choose non-cash payments for their purposes, minimizing cash handling.

Moreover, payments through credit organizations are a cheaper option compared to payments through banknotes and coins.

What is non-cash payment?

First of all, this payment format is available to everyone - legal entities, entrepreneurs and ordinary citizens. Non-cash payments are made only through banking and other credit structures that are authorized to carry out banking operations.

In general, non-cash payments are settlements that are realized through the movement of funds through accounts belonging to participants in such settlements.

In fact, funds are debited and credited electronically. At the end of the working day, the account owner is provided with an account statement, which reflects the balance at the beginning and end of the day, as well as all incoming and outgoing transactions. This allows you to control cash flows.

Non-cash payments are regulated in the Russian Federation two main regulations:

• The Civil Code of the Russian Federation - its Chapter 46 “Calculations” sets out the basic provisions on all permitted forms of non-cash circulation;
• Regulations on the rules for transferring funds No. 383-P, which was approved on June 19, 2012. Bank of Russia. This document provides a more detailed description of non-cash forms of payment, as well as requirements for payment documents. This Regulation does not contradict the norms of civil law.

In addition, there is another regulatory act that was approved by the Bank of Russia - the Regulation on the issuance of payment cards dated December 24, 2004. No. 266-P. This document reveals the procedure for acquiring – payments using payment cards for goods and services. Acquiring is a unique form of non-cash payments, which is available primarily to ordinary citizens.

On the basis of these three documents, non-cash circulation is organized and controlled, which is increasingly replacing cash circulation. And there are reasons for this:

• settlements through bank accounts rarely depend on the time of the transaction (i.e., time of day) and geography;
• non-cash payments are much cheaper to service than cash payments;
• in addition, for organizations it is more preferable to make payments through, since such payments have much fewer requirements for registration, organization and accounting than for cash transactions. Therefore, many start-up companies, in order to save money and protect themselves from fines for errors in compliance and in application or non-use, are switching to non-cash payments. Large, experienced companies are also striving for this.

As for ordinary citizens, for them, non-cash payments are convenient, since it is enough to have a payment card to make a payment, and beneficial, because when paying with a card, fees for settlement services are often not charged.

But the state also benefits from the growth of non-cash payments; in particular, the circulation of the money supply is controlled, and a decrease in the amount of cash in circulation reduces the level of inflation.

Kinds. Their advantages and disadvantages

In legal nature there is several forms, in which non-cash payments are carried out.

Molds and tools

In accordance with Bank of the Russian Federation Regulation No. 383-P, these forms include:

• Settlements using a payment order. In this case, a document is drawn up that contains an instruction to the bank, at the expense of the payer’s funds, to transfer the amount specified in the payment document. The transfer is carried out within the time frame and to the person specified in the order. This translation option is considered one of the simplest and most traditional. Valid for 10 days, which does not include the day the document was drawn up. This payment format is available even to an ordinary citizen who does not have a current account. The inconvenience of settlements through payment orders is that if an error is made in the document during execution, it can cause a significant delay in payment or its sending to the wrong recipient of funds;
• Payments via letter of credit. In fact, this is a special account that is used only for settlements on transactions that require the intermediation of the bank. In other words, a letter of credit is an order from the payer to the bank to transfer funds to the recipient only if the latter complies with special conditions, for example, delivery of goods, provision of documents and other conditions. The effect of a letter of credit can be described in simple terms as follows: the buyer opens a letter of credit in his bank and transfers there the cost of his purchase, but the supplier will be able to receive these funds provided that the goods are delivered and the accompanying documents are transferred to the bank where the letter of credit was opened. And then the bank transfers funds. The convenience of this form of payment lies in the security of the transaction. But the disadvantage of a letter of credit is its high cost, its isolation from the bank account agreement (the letter of credit is opened separately), the participation of several parties in the transfer of funds: the buyer and the supplier, the issuing bank (it opens the letter of credit) and the executing bank (it executes the letter of credit) . By the way, often one bank can be both the executor and the issuer;
• Settlements through collection orders or collection. Their specificity is that such calculations are possible only if the claimant (recipient) has the rights to make claims against the debtor’s (payer) account. These rights may be provided for by law or by an agreement concluded between the account holder (debtor) and the bank. Collection is inherently demanding. Those. In order to collect the required amount, the recipient of the funds must provide the bank holding the payer's account with the necessary information about the debtor and his obligation. Also, the collection order is not inherently of a notification nature. The debtor often finds out about the write-off only after the money has been withdrawn from him. And this can make it difficult for the debtor to carry out other banking operations due to a lack of funds in the account;
• Payments through checkbooks. This option can be conditionally called cash-non-cash, since it involves debiting funds from the drawer’s account to the check holder’s account or issuing cash to him. Moreover, settlement of checks is carried out only on the condition that the drawer has a sufficient amount of money in his account and after confirming the identity of the bearer of the check and the authenticity of the check itself;
• Payments in the form of direct debit. In this case, the transfer of money is made at the request of the recipient. To perform this transfer, the operator who will perform the settlement operation must have an agreement with the payer and his acceptance (consent) to carry out such an operation. Such calculations are carried out within the framework of the national payment system of Russia and in the presence of a payment card. The cardholder's acceptance of the debiting of funds from the card must be enshrined in an agreement or other document that supplements the agreement;
• Payments in the form of electronic money transfer. As part of this type of non-cash payments, an individual (citizen) provides the operator with funds for conducting transactions, both from his personal bank account or without it, and from the accounts of organizations and entrepreneurs that provide funds in favor of this citizen. But this is only possible if the agreement between the individual and the operator provides for such a right. As for entrepreneurs and organizations, they can only use funds from their bank accounts.
  The last two types of non-cash payments are regulated by the law “On the National Payment System” dated June 27, 2011. No. 161-FZ.

The advantages of non-cash payments are described in the following video:

If you have not yet registered an organization, then easiest way This can be done using online services that will help you generate all the necessary documents for free: If you already have an organization and you are thinking about how to simplify and automate accounting and reporting, then the following online services will come to the rescue and will completely replace an accountant at your enterprise and will save a lot of money and time. All reporting is generated automatically, signed electronically and sent automatically online. It is ideal for individual entrepreneurs or LLCs on the simplified tax system, UTII, PSN, TS, OSNO.
Everything happens in a few clicks, without queues and stress. Try it and you will be surprised how easy it has become!

Principles of non-cash payments

Cashless payment system based on the following principles:

Based on these principles, not only the construction of a non-cash payment system is carried out, but also their implementation.

Order of conduct

Any non-cash payments are carried out only if you have an account opened under a bank account agreement. However, the current legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the possibility of conducting non-cash transactions without the payer opening a current account. But this is only possible when making payments by ordinary citizens whose transfers of funds are not related to business activities.

To conduct non-cash payments, an account can be opened either in a bank or in another credit institution that has a license from the Bank of Russia to carry out such operations.

To make non-cash transfers payers can open:

All these accounts can be opened in rubles and in foreign currencies.

Accounting Rules

To record non-cash transactions, organizations use account 51 “Current accounts”, where analytics are built for each current account opened by the organization. All transactions are reflected on the basis, for example, on the basis of payment orders, collection orders, etc. And to reflect transactions on special accounts, organizations use account 55 “Special bank accounts” with analytics on letters of credit, deposits, check books, and other similar forms of non-cash payments.

Entrepreneurs do not use it, but they record income and expense transactions on a bank account in their books of income and expenses. And based on the register data, the calculation is carried out. They also use payment orders or collection orders, memorial orders, etc. as confirmation of non-cash transactions.

As for ordinary citizens, they can receive statements from their accounts to control their funds.

Responsibility for violation of settlement relations

Punishment for such violations is provided for in Chapter 15 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Moreover, both account holders and credit institutions are punished.

For example:

• In case of violation of work with a special account, payment agents may be charged from 40 to 50 thousand rubles;
• if the bank violated the deadline for transferring funds to the budget from the taxpayer’s account, then up to 5 thousand rubles will be collected from the bank official.

The history of occurrence and basic principles of these types of calculations are described in the following video lecture:

Non-cash payments began to be used to speed up the turnover of funds and reduce the cash supply.

Their history began in 1775 in Great Britain with the introduction of bills and checks into circulation. Subsequently, each country developed its own characteristics and procedures, and developed certain types of non-cash payments based on the economic situation.

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation (as amended on July 26, 2017) defines non-cash payments as payments made by banks (credit institutions) through the transfer of funds either with the opening of bank accounts or without opening them. Physically, the procedure looks like an entry on an account.

Non-cash payments throughout the world are regulated by law, banking rules and agreements. They have been developed because they have advantages from the point of view of each participant in economic processes:

• the state can control money circulation;
• the banking system is expanding credit opportunities;
• business entities accelerate the turnover of funds and material resources.

Forms of non-cash payments

Credit institutions conduct transactions on customer accounts on the basis of settlement documents, which in essence are:

• order of the payer (bank client) to write off funds from his account and transfer them to the recipient’s account;
• order of the recipient (collector) to write off funds from the account of the payer (bank client) and transfer them to the account indicated by the collector.

Currently, settlement documents are provided either on paper or electronically.

For each type of non-cash payments, certain payment documents are used. In other words, each form has its own document.

The following types of non-cash payments are used in Russia:

• payment orders,
• payment requirements,
• checks,
• bills,
• letters of credit,
• collection orders (collection),
• plastic cards,
• electronic money.

The form of non-cash payment is always chosen by the bank client.

Legal regulation of non-cash payments

The rules for conducting non-cash payments are established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Particular attention in regulation is paid to settlements between legal entities.

To make a non-cash payment, a legal entity is required to open a bank account. There is no such requirement for individuals. They can make payments without opening accounts, which is not very convenient for constant transfers.

In order for a bank to be able to transfer funds on behalf of or at the request of a client, it must open a correspondent account in its division or in another bank. In addition, each bank opens a correspondent account with the Central Bank for interbank settlements.

Bank clients open for their needs:

• current accounts (commercial enterprises);
• current accounts (budgetary enterprises).

For legal entities that are systematic debtors (tax evaders, etc.), banks open special accounts for non-payers. In such cases, the main accounts are blocked and funds are credited to these additional accounts of defaulters, from which debts are repaid.

Principles of non-cash payments

• Legality. All non-cash payments are carried out only according to the schemes specified in the laws.
• Adequacy of funds. There must be sufficient funds in the payer's account to make the payment.
• Acceptance. Funds are debited from the account either with the consent or with prior notification of the account holder.
• Agreement. The relationship between the bank and the owner of funds is prescribed in advance in the cooperation agreement.
• Urgency of payment. Payment is made within the agreed period.
• Freedom of choice. The settlement participant selects the type and form of payment.

Cashless payments- these are settlements (payments) made without the use of cash, that is, by transferring a certain amount from one account of a credit institution to another, which are accompanied by the offset of mutual claims. Banks are intermediaries in such operations, that is, such payments are transferred to their accounts.

This form of payment speeds up the turnover of funds and reduces the amount of cash that is needed for circulation. This form of payment is the most preferable for doing business today.

According to the current legislation, settlements between legal entities, as well as settlements with the participation of citizens related to their business activities, are made by bank transfer.

Settlements between these persons can also be made in cash. But there is an essential condition for this provision: the maximum amount of cash settlements between legal entities under one transaction is equal to 60 thousand rubles.

Thus, if an organization makes cash payments under one agreement, these payments should not exceed 60 thousand rubles. At the same time, she has the opportunity to pay for this transaction by bank transfer, for which no limits have been established. If cash payments are made under several agreements, the maximum amount of cash payments should not exceed 60 thousand rubles. for each contract separately. Therefore, if the contract amount exceeds the specified amount of 60 thousand rubles, the payment must be made in cashless form.

Now let's move on to the types of non-cash payments. You can choose one of the following types of calculations:

• settlements by payment orders;
• settlements under a letter of credit;
• payments by checks;
• collection settlements;
• settlements with payment requirements.

To carry out such calculations, the following payment documents are used, corresponding to each type of such calculations:

• money orders;
• letters of credit;
• checks;
• payment requirements;
• collection orders.

The total period for making non-cash payments should not exceed:

• two operational days within the territory of a subject of the Federation;
• five operational days within the territory of the Russian Federation.

If we talk about the advantages and disadvantages of such payment systems, we can highlight the following provisions:

Pros:

1. Flexibility of payments, since “chains” of transactions with various additional payments can be serviced.
2. Availability of bank documents, i.e. easy provability of calculations.
3. Impossibility of fraud with counterfeit money, “dolls”, etc.
4. Reducing costs associated with the transportation of cash, its accounting and storage;
5. Unlimited period of storage of funds in bank accounts;
6. Lack of a cash register and the need for its maintenance;
7. All cash is subject to mandatory delivery to the Bank after three days from the moment it is received at the cash desk (with the exception of funds for paying employees - salaries, which can be kept in the cash register for no more than 5 days), that is, cash is still subject to mandatory transfer in a non-cash form, so the initial non-cash payment will allow you to avoid making additional transactions with the bank and save time and money.

Minuses:

1. There is a danger of encountering or becoming dependent on the Bank’s “problems”, that is, difficulties or even the impossibility of transferring or withdrawing money from the account.
2. Increase in expenses associated with the appearance of various additional payments to the Bank for transactions performed.
3. A regular cash flow is required to pay for bank services and pay salaries to employees, which is not very convenient for starting small entrepreneurs;
4. Constant interaction with the bank is required, which includes certain costs;

Basically, this type of payment has clear advantages over cash payment, and the disadvantages can be eliminated if you carefully approach the issue of choosing a Bank and work within the framework of current legislation. Good luck!

What is cashless payment? What does non-cash payment mean?

What is cashless payment?

What does non-cash payment mean?

Cashless payments– a payment made without the use of cash, that is, money is credited to the recipient’s Bank account from the payer’s bank account through the bank. Non-cash payments are carried out through the bank, using mutual offsets, clearing settlements, credit cards, checks, bills. The functions that non-cash payments perform: accelerates the circulation of funds, reduces the need for cash when making transactions; reduces cash circulation costs. The non-cash movement of money is difficult to hide from regulatory authorities, therefore the state promotes the growth of the share of non-cash payments in the country's monetary circulation.

To make most non-cash payments, an individual must open a current account with a bank. The bank can make a money transfer on behalf of an individual and without opening an account (this option will be discussed below), with the exception of postal transfers. A current account is opened on the basis of a bank account agreement, which provides for settlement transactions not related to business activities. To open a current account (conclude a bank account agreement), an individual submits the following documents to the bank:

— passport or other document proving identity in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

— “Card with samples of signatures and seal imprints” of form 0401026 of the All-Russian Classifier of Management Documentation OK 011-93 (hereinafter referred to as f. 0401026), drawn up in the manner established by the Bank of Russia (Instruction of the Central Bank of June 21, 2003 No. 1297-u “On the procedure for issuing cards with samples of signatures and seal impressions");

— other documents provided for by law and/or bank account agreement.

If the data specified by an individual in the bank account agreement changes, he notifies the bank about this in the manner and within the time frame established by the agreement. When changing the last name, first name or patronymic, an individual presents to the bank a new identification document, on the basis of which a new f. card is issued. 0401026.

An individual has the right to grant another individual (trusted person) the right to dispose of funds in his current account on the basis of a power of attorney, which is certified by the bank in the presence of the principal and certified by the bank's seal. The power of attorney can also be certified by a notary. If a power of attorney is used, an additional card f. is provided to the bank. 0401026. The principal can terminate the power of attorney to manage the current account by submitting a corresponding application to the bank.

The bank writes off funds from the current account of an individual by order of the account owner or without his order (for example, by court decision) on the basis of settlement documents within the limits of funds available in the account. If there are no funds in the current account of an individual at the time of debiting the funds, as well as the right to receive a loan, including an overdraft, provided for in the agreement between the bank and the individual, settlement documents are not subject to execution and are returned to payers or collectors in the manner established by Regulation No. 2 -P.

The ability of an individual to make non-cash transfers in foreign currency directly depends on whether such a person is a resident of the Russian Federation for the purposes of currency regulation. In turn, citizens of the Russian Federation are recognized as residents, with the exception of those permanently residing or temporarily staying (on the basis of a work or study visa) in a foreign country for at least a year (subclause “a”, paragraph 6, part 1, article 1 of the Law of December 10, 2003 N 173-FZ).

Cases when non-cash transfers in foreign currency are permitted and prohibited

Transfers in foreign currency between residents and non-residents, as well as between non-residents, are carried out without restrictions (Articles 6, 10 of Law No. 173-FZ).

Transfers in foreign currency between residents are prohibited, except in established cases, including (clauses 12, 13, 17, part 1, article 9 of Law No. 173-FZ):

• transfer from the Russian Federation in favor of resident individuals to their accounts in banks outside the territory of the Russian Federation, subject to restrictions on the amount;
• transfer by a resident in the Russian Federation from a bank account outside the territory of the Russian Federation in favor of resident individuals to their bank accounts in the territory of the Russian Federation;
• transfer from your bank accounts in the territory of the Russian Federation in favor of resident spouses or close relatives to their bank accounts in the territory of the Russian Federation or abroad.

Residents can also make transfers of foreign currency to their own bank accounts both in the Russian Federation and abroad. There are no restrictions on the amount in this case.

Non-cash transfers in foreign currency can be carried out either from an account opened with a bank or without opening such an account.

Non-cash transfers from an account opened with a bank

When making a wire transfer in foreign currency from your account, you need to contact the bank where you have an account and submit certain documents.

So, you will need to present a document proving your identity and provide information about the recipient of the transfer (full name, name and details of the bank in which the recipient has an account, and the recipient’s account number). In addition, you will need to submit documents that the bank may request from you in order to implement currency control, including (Part 4 of Article 12 of Law No. 173-FZ; Clause 1 of Bank of Russia Directive No. 1868-U dated July 20, 2007 ):

1) when making a transfer for an amount exceeding USD 5,000 (or the equivalent at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date the funds were written off), information on confirmation of the recipient’s currency and accounting status (that the recipient is a non-resident). Banks independently determine in what form such information should be provided. This could be, for example, a copy of the recipient’s foreign citizen’s passport or an indication of the recipient’s non-resident status in the “Purpose of payment” column of the payment document;

2) when making a transfer to your bank account outside the territory of the Russian Federation - a notification submitted by the resident to the tax authority at the place of his registration about the opening of this account with a mark from the tax authority on its acceptance. This notification is provided only when making the first transfer. In the future it is not required;

3) when making a transfer to your spouse or close relative - documents (copies thereof) confirming the relationship, in particular a citizen’s passport, birth or marriage certificate.

The specified documents are not required if you are making a transfer to your spouse or relative to his account opened in a bank outside the territory of the Russian Federation for an amount not exceeding $5,000 (or the equivalent at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date the funds were written off).

Wire transfers without opening an account

Non-cash transfers without opening an account to individuals are carried out through money transfer systems.

To implement them, you need to make sure that there are service points of the selected system in the country and city where the recipient of the money transfer is located. As a rule, service points are banks with which payment systems have contractual relations.

At the payment system service point, you will need to present a document proving your identity and provide information about the recipient of the transfer (full name of the transfer recipient, country, city). After depositing funds into the cashier, you will be given a control code or other transfer identifier. This information will need to be passed on to the recipient of the transfer so that he can receive the funds.

A transfer without opening a bank account is carried out within no more than three working days from the date of provision of cash for such a transfer (Part 5 of Article 5 of the Law of June 27, 2011 N 161-FZ).

When making a transfer from the Russian Federation without opening a bank account through an authorized bank, there is also a restriction on the transfer amount. Thus, a transfer within one business day through one bank cannot exceed an amount equivalent to $5,000 at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date of application for the transfer (clause 5, 9, part 3, article 14 of Law No. 173- Federal Law; Directive of the Bank of Russia dated March 30, 2004 N 1412-U).

Note!

When a foreign state introduces bans on payment systems whose operators are registered by the Bank of Russia, a non-cash transfer without opening an account can be carried out from the Russian Federation to such a state if the payment system operators, payment infrastructure service operators, foreign organizations (except for foreign banks and credit organizations), on the basis of agreements with which the translation is made, are under the control of Russian organizations (Parts 1, 2, Article 19.1 of Law No. 161-FZ).

Features of electronic money transfer

Non-cash transfer without opening a bank account is also possible when transferring electronic funds (hereinafter referred to as EMF) using electronic payment systems (for example, WebMoney, Yandex.Money and Qiwi). At the same time, EMF transfers in foreign currency are subject to the requirements of the currency legislation of the Russian Federation (Part 3 of Article 5, Part 24 of Article 7 of Law No. 161-FZ).

Help.Electronic money

Electronic means are those funds that are previously provided by an individual to the EDS operator to fulfill his monetary obligations to third parties and in respect of which this individual has the right to transmit orders exclusively using electronic means of payment (clause 18 of Article 3 of Law N 161-FZ) .

In this case, an individual can provide funds to the e-money operator with or without using a bank account.

Also, funds in his favor can be provided to the EDS operator by organizations or individual entrepreneurs, if such a possibility is provided for in an agreement between an individual and the EDS operator. In turn, the latter creates a record of the amount of funds provided to him (Part 2, 4, Article 7 of Law No. 161-FZ).

The transfer of EDS in favor of their recipients is usually carried out on the basis of an order from an individual - the payer, and in some cases - at the request of EDS recipients. At the same time, EMF payers and recipients can be clients of one or several EMF operators (Parts 7, 8, Article 7 of Law No. 161-FZ).

As a rule, a transfer is carried out by simultaneous acceptance by the e-money operator of the payer’s order, reducing its e-money balance and increasing the recipient’s e-money balance by the amount of the transfer. A transfer using a payment card specially designed for this purpose is carried out within no more than three working days after the EDS operator accepts the payer’s order. A shorter period may be provided for by an agreement between the e-money operator and the payer or by the rules of the payment system. After this, the EDS transfer becomes irrevocable and the payer’s monetary obligations to the EDS recipient are terminated (Clause 26, Article 3, Parts 10, 11, 15, 17, Article 7 of Law No. 161-FZ).

In the modern world there are many payments for services and goods. Let's talk about this and figure out what payment systems exist.

Let's define the terminology

So what is a payment system? This is a set of organizational actions, forms, procedures that improve the monetary circulation system. In essence, this is a huge number of contractual relations, rules, methods that enable absolutely all participants to carry out financial transactions and pay each other.

What challenges do payment systems face?

Payment systems perform a number of tasks:

1. Safety and efficient operation.
2. Reliability, which guarantees the absence of any disruptions in the operation of payment systems.
3. Process workflows quickly and cost-effectively.
4. An honest approach that meets all the necessary criteria.

In general, for any such system the main function is to ensure dynamic economic turnover.

The individual elements of payment systems are very closely related to each other. Their relationship is carried out according to certain rules that are included in state regulations. The work of the Russian payment system is built on legal documents, thanks to which its functioning occurs. They regulate a set of procedures that are necessary for the operation of this structure and the transfer of funds from one counterparty to another.

The procedures of the payment system include forms of non-cash payments, norms of payment documents and all means used for communication (software, Internet, telephone lines, hardware).

Elements of payment systems

Payment systems consist of the following elements:

1. Organizations carrying out money transfers, repayment of financial obligations.
2. Monetary instruments and systems that ensure the transfer of funds between counterparties.
3. Contractual relations regulating the correct and clear procedure for non-cash payments.

All elements are very closely interconnected, their interaction occurs according to certain rules, enshrined in legal documents. Compliance with them is mandatory for absolutely all participants.

Types of payments

According to Article 140 of the Civil Code of Russia, payments within the country are made both in cash and non-cash. We can say that they are all divided into two types. Let's talk about them in more detail.

The cash payment system involves paying for goods and services from hand to hand. In everyday life, each of us faces this.

Payment by bank transfer occurs without the presence of cash; instead, funds are deposited into a current account or electronic wallet.

What are the payment methods in cash?

So, there are several ways to pay with real money. Let's list them:

1. "Cash" at the box office, through couriers or by transferring funds from the customer to the contractor.
2. Using self-service terminals Qiwi, Cyberplat, Eleksnet and many others. A person selects the service he needs on the screen and deposits banknotes into the bill acceptor. Almost all services and even loans are paid in such terminals.
3. In ATMs that have a cash acceptance function. Again, the desired operation is selected, the purpose of the payment is indicated, and the bills are entered.
4. Payment in banks or at the post office. Most people of retirement age prefer there. To do this, you only need to provide or simply provide the recipient’s details, and also give the money to the cashier.
5. Another popular payment method in the country is transfers (for example, using the companies “Zolotaya Korona”, “Leader”). To apply for them, you just need to come to the selected branch, provide the recipient’s details and deposit money.

Payment by bank transfer

Non-cash payments can be contact and contactless. Let's look at their features in more detail.

1. Payments using bank cards with a magnetic stripe are the most popular option at present. However, these began to gradually replace more secure cards with a chip. To make a purchase, you just need to insert it into the terminal or swipe it through a reader. Then the person just has to enter his PIN code, and the money will leave his account. That's all, the goods have been paid for.

2. Payment using MasterCard or Visa. This is a very common type of contactless payment for purchases. To pay, you just need to bring your card to the terminal, and the goods will be automatically paid for without specifying a PIN code. Of course, this type of calculation is very convenient. The only drawback is that the payment amount for one purchase cannot be more than a thousand rubles. It turns out that if you want to purchase a product worth, for example, two thousand, then you won’t be able to pay using a contactless method. You will have to insert the card into the terminal and still enter the PIN code. By the way, we note that not all stores have the appropriate devices.

3. There is also the option to pay using your card details. This is also a contactless method. It is most often used to pay for online purchases. How is the transaction carried out? You need to enter the required card details in the fields. This could be, for example, a last name, a security code. After filling out the details, you will still need to confirm the operation itself. After this, the funds will be debited from your account.

4. Payments by electronic money using Internet wallets "Yandex.Money", Kiwi, Webmoney. To pay for purchases and services, you need to open a personal wallet of any payment systems and make a payment or transfer funds using the company details.

5. Payment via mobile phones with NFS technology. To be honest, this contactless method is not yet very popular in Russia. The technology allows you to pay by holding your mobile phone to a special reading machine. To be able to use this service, you need to buy a SIM card that supports NFS technology, and also install another antenna in your phone. After this, payments can be made with one touch by placing the mobile phone on the terminal. The funds will be debited from your smartphone account. And although in the Russian Federation, as already mentioned, the use of such technology is not yet very widespread, at the moment it is still possible to pay using this method in the Moscow metro.

6. using Internet banking. This is also a method of non-cash payment for services and purchases. To use it, you need to go to Internet banking, find the correct category, enter the details and select the account for withdrawal. The operation is confirmed by entering the code.

All over the world, the most popular payment systems are still non-cash transactions. In their favor is not only the convenience and speed of their implementation, but also complete safety at relatively low cost.

Which type of payment is more profitable?

Of course, the electronic payment system is the most beneficial and convenient, no matter how you look at it. It makes it possible to make purchases very quickly and simplifies the entire payment process. Moreover, costs are reduced. Let's give a simple example when buyers and sellers are in different regions. There is no way to do this without using cashless payments. However, despite all the visible benefits, it can only be implemented if one has a certain level of technology, culture, and education. Historically, cash came first. There were no non-cash payments before, and there could not have been. The level of development of society and technology simply did not allow this.

Today, cash payments are typical only for more backward countries. Expert research suggests that in the future, non-cash payment systems will replace cash payments.

Why do we need a payment system?

The need to pay by bank transfer at one time led to the emergence of a system of settlements between banks with each other, since payers and recipients were serviced by different financial organizations. In Russia, the Russian Federation payment system was developed for transfers between banks. Each country organizes its own structures to ensure safe and fast circulation of funds within the state. Together they form international payment systems. Thanks to this, trade relations are possible between different countries, sometimes located on different continents.

Instead of an afterword

Currently, the economy of any country is a huge branched network of relations of a large number of constituent entities. The basis of all relationships, oddly enough, are various calculations and payments, which would be impossible without a clear organization of the payment system.

Cashless payments - what does it look like in practice? Despite the fact that they are regularly talked about, many nuances remain beyond the scope of conversation. We will discuss them further in the article.

Payment forms

Not so long ago, it was considered common to carry a significant portion of available cash in wallets. Now this has become irrelevant. The reason is mainly due to the proliferation of bank cards. With their help, you can manage all your available money, and there is no need to carry banknotes with you.

Non-cash transfers have made it possible to make payments between participants in economic transactions without the use of paper money.

Cashless payments - how is it from a business point of view? Businessmen have previously used accounts with credit institutions to make payments among themselves. However, there was the use of paper documentation.

Businessmen, and ordinary citizens, are now freed from the need to complete a large amount of documentation to manage their accounts. It is enough to make a few clicks with a computer mouse to make deductions. All account transactions are carried out in the office or at home using a computer.

There are also other, non-electronic forms of payment, no matter how common.

Despite the differences, they are all united by one thing - the exception of the need to carry paper money. This is of particular importance for enterprises.

Why is it convenient?

Banking services cost some money, but, nevertheless, citizens and organizations still resort to them. And the following features contribute to the fact that payment by bank transfer is so attractive:

1. Comfort. Access to money is provided throughout the entire day on any day (weekend or weekday).
2. Speed ​​of the operation. A few keystrokes or PC buttons are all that is needed to carry out the operation.
3. Documentation is generated electronically.
4. Credit institutions store information about completed transactions without restrictions, thereby creating a kind of archive that can be accessed at any time.
5. Saving money (banks offer preferences to clients who use electronic payment forms and reporting methods).

The listed advantages mainly concern methods that work using electronic technologies.

Legislative regulation

The organization of non-cash payments is regulated by the following acts:

• Civil Code - contains the basic provisions of the legislation on non-cash payments, describes the procedures and conditions for the responsibility of the parties.
• Law “On Banks and Banking Activities”.
• Law “On the National Payment System”.
• Regulations on the issue of payment cards.
• Other federal laws and regulations adopted by the Central Bank as a regulator of financial activities.

Based on legislative acts, banks develop their own rules for the provision of services. From a legal point of view, they have the status of transactions, the provisions of which can be challenged in arbitration or general court, depending on who the client is.

Forms of non-cash payments

Let's clarify once again, non-cash payments - how is it? There are several forms of it, some of them are directly stated in the law, others exist within the framework of general regulatory norms, in particular, electronic money. Non-cash payments are carried out by:

• letter of credit;
• collection settlements;
• issuing a check;
• payment order;
• in other ways not provided for, but also not prohibited by law.

Letters of credit

A letter of credit is a payment for goods or services or a transfer of funds on behalf of a client. What is the essence of non-cash payments? The operation is carried out at the expense of the client, for the purpose of which the required amount is blocked in the account. A loan may be issued against the payment.

A letter of credit comes in two forms - revocable and irrevocable. In the first case, the bank making payments has the right to change the conditions for their implementation at its discretion and, in particular, to revoke it. By law, it is considered revocable unless the contract with the client indicates otherwise.

The bank accepting the payment, unlike the recipient of the money, must be notified in advance of a change in the terms of payment or refusal by the bank making the payment.

An irrevocable payment confirmed by the bank sending the money cannot be canceled without the consent of the receiving bank, nor can its terms be changed.

The executing bank has the right to make payment at its own expense, having previously received evidence of the recipient's compliance with the terms of the letter of credit. The bank, which is responsible for sending payments, is obliged to reimburse all expenses to the executing bank.

Payments for collection

When making collection payments, the bank, on the contrary, undertakes to accept payment in favor of the client. Postings may be provided through another bank at the discretion of the institution that has undertaken to accept payments.

Payments by checks

A check is a security on the basis of which payment is made from the account of the person who issued it. There are no additional conditions for receiving funds.

The check is presented to the bank where the drawer has an account. Money can be debited from it on the basis of checks, in accordance with the agreement with the bank. The check details are as follows:

• the title of the document must include “check”;
• an order to pay a specific amount with a currency designation;
• information about the payer, recipient and account from which the payment should be made;
• date and place of drawing up of the check;
• signature of the check writer.

The absence of one of these points makes it invalid. The employee accepting the said security is obliged to verify its authenticity and the authority of the person presenting it.

Cashless payments - what does it look like with checks? Their issuance can be made to a specific person; in this case, the transfer of rights is prohibited, since the issuance of a check may imply the transfer of rights.

Payment may be guaranteed by a bank or other person in whole or in part. The guarantee mark is made by the guaranteeing person.

Payment order

The next method of non-cash payments is an agreement between the bank and the client. The bank undertakes to transfer the amount specified in the document to the recipient's account. The translation period is specified either in the order or in the contract. Today this method of transfer is the most common. Moreover, it is easier than others to completely transfer it to an electronic document management system.

An application for a money transfer can be made by a person who does not have a bank account, unless there are restrictions in the law or bank rules.

Some nuances of calculations

Banks have the right to postpone a payment or refuse to post it if there are doubts about its legality and the lack of authority of the person requiring the payment. The absence of a complete set of documents and inaccuracies in the same payment orders give the right to suspend the operation.

If another bank is involved in the transaction, its representatives also have the right to express their doubts and request additional information to clarify the transfer data.

The legislation gives significant freedom to banks in terms of establishing their own rules for non-cash payments.

If the client suffers losses, in particular, by transferring money to a person who did not have rights to it, or there were unreasonable delays in payments, the bank is obliged to compensate for the damage. The guilt of the financial organization and the owner of the money will certainly become clear.

Other forms of payment

Another form of payment is direct debit. The debit is made from an account that has sufficient funds, at the request of another person. The bank that opened the account withdraws money from the account in accordance with the agreement with the client.

This form fits the above described forms of non-cash payments in Russia. And it makes no sense to single it out from a legislative point of view. Banks offer other combined methods, which in one way or another are derived from those prescribed in civil legislation.

It is impossible not to pay attention to electronic payment systems.

Electronic money

Webmoney and Yandex Money are the most famous electronic payment systems. They are not banking institutions and successfully occupy a significant part of the non-cash payments market, providing the lion's share of e-commerce in the country.

Formally, neither the first nor the second organization is engaged in issuing money, but the equivalents they issue completely replace them. Competitors also offer plastic cards, but they are issued by Mastercard and Visa payment systems. The only difference is that such a card is linked to a Webmoney wallet.

Sales system and non-cash payments

Non-cash payment facilitates participation in trade transactions. For example, the parties to a transaction may be located in different parts of the world; now this is not a hindrance.

How are cashless sales organized? An entrepreneur or commercial organization providing services and goods indicates a bank account or electronic wallet details to which clients transfer money. A range of the largest banks or payment systems is offered.

Clients select one of the offered payment methods. Electronic wallets of payment systems are convenient because transfers between them are carried out instantly.

The same cannot be said about non-cash payments by banks. The only exception is transfers between private accounts. In this case, replenishing your account or making a transfer takes a few minutes.

In addition, special programs are provided for individuals that make it possible to quickly debit funds from their accounts as payments. An SMS message is sent to your mobile phone number asking you to confirm the payment. Confirmation is done by sending a new message from the client number.

Non-cash payments by banks in the case of legal entities take much longer. This is due to the need to ensure control over the legality of money transfers and the limitations of the bank's operating system.